Title: A MODEL OF EMPOWERMENT
1A MODEL OF EMPOWERMENT
2Overview
- Background
- Research Objectives
- Model
- Discussion Part 1
- Applications
- Synthesis
- Discussion Part 2
3Background
- Failure of Policy Reforms
- Volatility
- Institutions Matter
- Political Processes and Economic Performance
4What Do We Need to Know?
- Central Question What Policy and Institutional
Environment Would Empower the Rural Poor to Get
out of Poverty? - Application Devolution of Natural Resource
Management to Territorial Communities - 3 Case Studies Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia
5Dealing with Complexity
- Change challenges States, Private Sector and
Civil Society capacities to redefine or reinvent
their respective roles and vision of the future. - Volatility could be understood as a pattern of
change in Transition Developing Countries - Empowerment as an emerging quality of an
Inclusive Development Process
6From Participation to Empowerment
- State-driven versus participatory development
- Slow adoption and institutionalization of
participatory approaches - World Bank Formula of Empowerment
- E Participation Improved Governance
7A MODEL OF EMPOWERMENT
- Agency
- Definition of Empowerment
- Proposed Model
- Levels of Analysis
- Devolution
8Agency
- Agent as an open system of decision-making
- Capability to pursue self-defined objectives
according to upheld values - Concept of Capability a measure of freedom of
choice
9Alternative Definition of Empowerment
- Empowerment is the capacity of an entity, be it
an individual or a group, to act as an agent of
change. - Empowerment involves an expansion in an agents
capabilities
10How are agent empowered ?
- Main hypothesis Gap between expected and actual
achievements or outcomes is the trigger of
processes of empowerment and disempowerment
11(No Transcript)
12Levels of Analysis (Examples)
- Agents Individual Farming Households
- Community-based Organization State
- Capabilities Set of feasible activities
institutional options policy options - Outcomes Living Standards Local and National or
Global Public Goods - Framing Perception Attitudes Policy Agenda
Development Narratives
13Devolution of Government Power
- Delegation of Central Government Executive and
Legislative Powers to a Subordinate Territorial
Unit - Criteria
- Delegation of both legislative/executive powers
of substantial size/magnitude - Devolved unit must be representative/elected body
- Substantial Autonomy both political and financial
from central government interference
14Devolution and Empowerment
- Political Systems
- Federalism
- Unitary States
- Local Government
- Forms of Decentralization
- Devolution
- Deconcentration
- Devolution and Empowerment
15Devolution of NRM (1)
- Complexity due to Multiple Stakeholders
- NRM is a source of income
- Uncertainty (ecological, Knowledge)
- Historical legacy impinge on feasible options for
reforms - From Management to Governance of Natural
Resources
16Devolution of NRM (2)
- Pre-requisites of improved NR Governance
- Political Commitment to Democratic Governance at
Local Level - Downward Accountability
- Application of the Subsidiarity Principle
- Secure Property Rights
- Long-term Financial support to local
administration capacity development
17Devolution of NRM (3)
- Right-based Access to NR
- Informal Mechanisms of Access
- Bundles of powers technology capital market
knowledge labor authority social identity - Actual Access versus Rights of Access
- Inequality of Agency
18Provision of Public Goods (1)
- Public Goods Are Those that Would Not Be Provided
in a Pure Free-Market - Non-Rivalry and Non-Excludability
- Typology of Operators (Service Suppliers)
- State
- Public Corporations
- Private Firms
- Non-Profit Civil Society Organizations
19Options for Supply of P. Goods
- Criteria of Choice of Operator
- Technology involved
- Transaction Costs
- Incentives of the Agents
- Inequality, Heterogeneity of Stakeholders
- Ownership, Property Rights
- Partnerships and Coalitions for PG Provision
20Partnerships and Coalitions for Public Goods
Supply
- Coalitions are formed of agents that decide to
coordinate their actions towards common
objectives and against other groups objectives - Multi-Stakeholders Intervention Requires a
Process, Not Predetermined Solutions - Enabling Policy Environments Will Not Generate
Change Unless Enabling Mechanisms Are Also
Established
21Change and Vulnerability (1)
- Change from the Agents Perspective
- Operational Changes Affect Agents Capabilities
- Network Changes Affect Agents Status (position
within a network) - Constitutional Changes Affect Agents Vision
Expectations
22Change and Vulnerability (2)
- Time Patterns of change
- Trends
- Shocks and Shifts
- Evolutionary Change
- Volatility or Chaotic Change
- Vulnerability to Change Patterns
- Agents Responses
- Adapt, Learn, Cope, Cooperate Network, Exit.
- Vulnerability and Empowerment
23Synthesis What Have We Got Here?
- How Change Occurs?
- Enabling Institutional Environments
- Determinants of Policy Outcomes
- Multi-Level Framework
- Let Us Brainstorm
24How Change Occurs?
- Empowerment Model
- Gap between aspirations and achievements
- Patterns of Change
- Operational, Network Constitutional
- Time Patterns Trend, Shocks, Evolutions, Chaos
- Patterns of Change Provoke Corresponding
Responses from Agents
25Enabling Institutional Environments
- Good Governance, a means to Empowerment
- Democratic Local Governance Multiple
Stakeholders - Principle of Subsidiarity
- Vision and Commitment Matter
26Determinants of Policy Outcomes
- Using the Empowerment Model to Analyze the Policy
Environment - Policies as Long-Term Commitments
- Political Capital
- Development Narratives
- Choice of Policy Options
27MULTI-LEVEL FRAMEWORK
28Conceptual Framework
- Human Civilization Requires Political Leadership
for its Organization - Ibn Khaldoun The Muqaddimah,
- 13 th Century
29Let Us Brainstorm
- Revisiting Research Questions in the Light of
Proposed Framework - What are our Priorities? Vast Research Domain
Calls for Focus - Whats Next?
30THANK YOU