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A MODEL OF EMPOWERMENT

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Title: A MODEL OF EMPOWERMENT


1
A MODEL OF EMPOWERMENT
  • KHALID EL HARIZI

2
Overview
  • Background
  • Research Objectives
  • Model
  • Discussion Part 1
  • Applications
  • Synthesis
  • Discussion Part 2

3
Background
  • Failure of Policy Reforms
  • Volatility
  • Institutions Matter
  • Political Processes and Economic Performance

4
What Do We Need to Know?
  • Central Question What Policy and Institutional
    Environment Would Empower the Rural Poor to Get
    out of Poverty?
  • Application Devolution of Natural Resource
    Management to Territorial Communities
  • 3 Case Studies Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia

5
Dealing with Complexity
  • Change challenges States, Private Sector and
    Civil Society capacities to redefine or reinvent
    their respective roles and vision of the future.
  • Volatility could be understood as a pattern of
    change in Transition Developing Countries
  • Empowerment as an emerging quality of an
    Inclusive Development Process

6
From Participation to Empowerment
  • State-driven versus participatory development
  • Slow adoption and institutionalization of
    participatory approaches
  • World Bank Formula of Empowerment
  • E Participation Improved Governance

7
A MODEL OF EMPOWERMENT
  • Agency
  • Definition of Empowerment
  • Proposed Model
  • Levels of Analysis
  • Devolution

8
Agency
  • Agent as an open system of decision-making
  • Capability to pursue self-defined objectives
    according to upheld values
  • Concept of Capability a measure of freedom of
    choice

9
Alternative Definition of Empowerment
  • Empowerment is the capacity of an entity, be it
    an individual or a group, to act as an agent of
    change.
  • Empowerment involves an expansion in an agents
    capabilities

10
How are agent empowered ?
  • Main hypothesis Gap between expected and actual
    achievements or outcomes is the trigger of
    processes of empowerment and disempowerment

11
(No Transcript)
12
Levels of Analysis (Examples)
  • Agents Individual Farming Households
  • Community-based Organization State
  • Capabilities Set of feasible activities
    institutional options policy options
  • Outcomes Living Standards Local and National or
    Global Public Goods
  • Framing Perception Attitudes Policy Agenda
    Development Narratives

13
Devolution of Government Power
  • Delegation of Central Government Executive and
    Legislative Powers to a Subordinate Territorial
    Unit
  • Criteria
  • Delegation of both legislative/executive powers
    of substantial size/magnitude
  • Devolved unit must be representative/elected body
  • Substantial Autonomy both political and financial
    from central government interference

14
Devolution and Empowerment
  • Political Systems
  • Federalism
  • Unitary States
  • Local Government
  • Forms of Decentralization
  • Devolution
  • Deconcentration
  • Devolution and Empowerment

15
Devolution of NRM (1)
  • Complexity due to Multiple Stakeholders
  • NRM is a source of income
  • Uncertainty (ecological, Knowledge)
  • Historical legacy impinge on feasible options for
    reforms
  • From Management to Governance of Natural
    Resources

16
Devolution of NRM (2)
  • Pre-requisites of improved NR Governance
  • Political Commitment to Democratic Governance at
    Local Level
  • Downward Accountability
  • Application of the Subsidiarity Principle
  • Secure Property Rights
  • Long-term Financial support to local
    administration capacity development

17
Devolution of NRM (3)
  • Right-based Access to NR
  • Informal Mechanisms of Access
  • Bundles of powers technology capital market
    knowledge labor authority social identity
  • Actual Access versus Rights of Access
  • Inequality of Agency

18
Provision of Public Goods (1)
  • Public Goods Are Those that Would Not Be Provided
    in a Pure Free-Market
  • Non-Rivalry and Non-Excludability
  • Typology of Operators (Service Suppliers)
  • State
  • Public Corporations
  • Private Firms
  • Non-Profit Civil Society Organizations

19
Options for Supply of P. Goods
  • Criteria of Choice of Operator
  • Technology involved
  • Transaction Costs
  • Incentives of the Agents
  • Inequality, Heterogeneity of Stakeholders
  • Ownership, Property Rights
  • Partnerships and Coalitions for PG Provision

20
Partnerships and Coalitions for Public Goods
Supply
  • Coalitions are formed of agents that decide to
    coordinate their actions towards common
    objectives and against other groups objectives
  • Multi-Stakeholders Intervention Requires a
    Process, Not Predetermined Solutions
  • Enabling Policy Environments Will Not Generate
    Change Unless Enabling Mechanisms Are Also
    Established

21
Change and Vulnerability (1)
  • Change from the Agents Perspective
  • Operational Changes Affect Agents Capabilities
  • Network Changes Affect Agents Status (position
    within a network)
  • Constitutional Changes Affect Agents Vision
    Expectations

22
Change and Vulnerability (2)
  • Time Patterns of change
  • Trends
  • Shocks and Shifts
  • Evolutionary Change
  • Volatility or Chaotic Change
  • Vulnerability to Change Patterns
  • Agents Responses
  • Adapt, Learn, Cope, Cooperate Network, Exit.
  • Vulnerability and Empowerment

23
Synthesis What Have We Got Here?
  • How Change Occurs?
  • Enabling Institutional Environments
  • Determinants of Policy Outcomes
  • Multi-Level Framework
  • Let Us Brainstorm

24
How Change Occurs?
  • Empowerment Model
  • Gap between aspirations and achievements
  • Patterns of Change
  • Operational, Network Constitutional
  • Time Patterns Trend, Shocks, Evolutions, Chaos
  • Patterns of Change Provoke Corresponding
    Responses from Agents

25
Enabling Institutional Environments
  • Good Governance, a means to Empowerment
  • Democratic Local Governance Multiple
    Stakeholders
  • Principle of Subsidiarity
  • Vision and Commitment Matter

26
Determinants of Policy Outcomes
  • Using the Empowerment Model to Analyze the Policy
    Environment
  • Policies as Long-Term Commitments
  • Political Capital
  • Development Narratives
  • Choice of Policy Options

27
MULTI-LEVEL FRAMEWORK
28
Conceptual Framework
  • Human Civilization Requires Political Leadership
    for its Organization
  • Ibn Khaldoun The Muqaddimah,
  • 13 th Century

29
Let Us Brainstorm
  • Revisiting Research Questions in the Light of
    Proposed Framework
  • What are our Priorities? Vast Research Domain
    Calls for Focus
  • Whats Next?

30
THANK YOU
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