Punctuation

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Punctuation
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What Are Punctuation Marks and Why Are They
Important?

• Punctuation marks are symbols that are used to
  structure and organize writing to help emphasize
  a certain tone of voice or meaning.
• Without punctuation marks, it would be difficult
  to understand what one person is trying to say.
  The meaning would be misinterpreted

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Punctuation Marks Include

• Apostrophes
• Capitalization
• Colons and semicolons
• Commas
• Exclamation points

• Hyphens
• Parentheses and brackets
• Question marks
• Quotation marks

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Most Common Punctuation Mistakes

• Comma Splices
• Two sentences joined only with a comma when a
  semi-colon would be best fit instead
• Ex Its hot today, the beach sounds fun.
• Misuse of Apostrophes
• Using apostrophes at the wrong time or displaying
  the improper meaning
• Ex Its his turn!
• Ex I like his smile.
• Misuse of Quotation Punctuation
• Putting the ending punctuation mark after the
  ending quotation mark or not using the proper
  punctuation mark before beginning a quote
• Ex He said I miss you.
• Ex He said, I miss you.

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Commas

• Commas are one of the most important parts of
  punctuation. A comma makes sure that
• There is no confusion on your sentence
• The point or meaning of the sentence is
  emphasized
• Most importantly, that the blocks of thought and
  logical groupings are organized and
  understandable
• Having a sentence with no commas can be very
  confusing, hard to read and understand, and can
  even change the meaning of a sentence.

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Semicolons

• Semicolons help you connect closely related ideas
  when a mark stronger than a comma is needed.

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When should you use a semi colon?

• A semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a
  single sentence) two independent clauses that are
  closely related in thought.
• Use a semicolon between two independent clauses
  that are connected by conjunctive adverbs or
  transitional phrases.
• Use a semicolon between independent clauses
  joined by a coordinating conjunction if the
  clauses are already punctuated with commas or if
  the clauses are lengthy.
• Use a semicolon between items in a list or series
  if any of the items contain commas.

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Examples of Semicolons

• "Happiness isn't something you experience it's
  something you remember."(Oscar Levant)
• "With educated people, I suppose, punctuation is
  a matter of rule with me it is a matter of
  feeling. But I must say I have a great respect
  for the semi-colon it's a useful little
  chap."(Abraham Lincoln)

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Colons

• Colons are used to mark a major division in a
  sentence, to indicate that what follows is an
  elaboration, summation, implication, etc., of
  what precedes.

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When should you use a colon?

• Use a colon to signal the reader that a series of
  words, phrases, or clauses follows a complete
  sentence.
• Use a colon to signal the reader that a second
  complete sentence explains a closely related
  preceding sentence.
• Use a colon to signal the reader that a name or
  description follows a complete sentence when you
  want to put a lot of emphasis on that item.
• Use a colon to introduce a long quotation after a
  complete sentence.

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Examples of Colons

• "There are three choices in this life be good,
  get good, or give up."(Dr. House, House, M.D.)
• "The four most beautiful words in our common
  language I told you so."(Gore Vidal)

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Quotation Marks

• Quotation marks are used to indicate your reader
  that you are borrowing quoted words from
  someone else and that they are not coming from
  you
• They are important because indicate exactly which
  words or sentences are being borrowed
• Example According to the textbook New
  Dimensions on Womens Health, for women between
  the ages of 15 and 24, accidents, assault, and
  suicide are the three top causes of death. (48)
• The quotation marks show exactly where the
  information is no longer coming from the writer's
  ideas or own words. Quotation marks are important
  when it comes to avoiding plagiarism.

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• Quotation marks are also used to..
• To indicate that a word is special or that it
  does not actually mean what it pretends to mean
• Example Women achieved equality when they
  were granted the right to vote in 1920.
• When women were granted the right to vote, they
  had somehow achieved equality, although women
  still faced discrimination. The quotation marks
  surrounding the word equality indicate that the
  word is special somehow.
• To show dialogue
• Example When I arrived home, my mom yelled,
  Where is your jacket?
• The quotation marks indicate whom exactly is
  talking and what is being stated.

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Quotation Punctuation

• When using quotation marks, ending punctuation
  marks should be within the quotation marks.
• Ex Jane was never fond of watching baseball.
• Ex Are you listening?
• Depending on the content of the sentence, commas
  should either be used before or within the
  quotation mark.
• Ex He said, I told you so.
• Ex My mother, said Mary, was always
  supportive of my dreams.

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Apostrophes

• Apostrophes are used mainly to show possession,
  whether singular or plural, and to fill in
  omitted letters in contractions.

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Special Rules When Using Apostrophes to Show
Possession

• Add s to the singular form of the word (even if
  it ends in s)
• Ex Jamess hat
• Add s to the plural forms that do not end in s
• Ex the mices tails
• Add to the end of plural nouns that end in s
• Ex her parents house
• Add s to the last noun to show joint possession
  of an object
• Ex Ben and Jerrys ice cream parlor

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Works Cited

• "Colon." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. Web. 13
  Mar. 2012. lthttp//dictionary.reference.com/browse
  /colongt.
• Commas." Google images. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
• Fogarty, Mignon. "Single Quotation Marks Versus
  Double Quotation Marks." Grammar
• Girl. 18 Aug. 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.
  lthttp//grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/single-quote
  s-versus-double-quotes.aspxgt.
• "LEO Colon Rules." Welcome to LEO Literacy
  Education Online. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.
  lthttp//leo.stcloudstate.edu/punct/colon.htmlgt.
• Punctuation." Google images. Web. 11 Mar. 2012.
• "Punctuating Dialogue." Most Common Punctuation
  Mistakes. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. lthttp//webs.ashlandc
  tc.org/jnapora/WritersWeb/most_common_mistakes.htm
  gt.
• "Purdue OWL The Apostrophe." Purdue Online
  Writing Lab. Web. 11 Mar. 2012.
  lthttp//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/621/01
  /gt.
• "Semicolon." About.com Grammar Composition.
  Web. 13 Mar. 2012. lthttp//grammar.about.com/od/rs
  /g/semicolonterm.htmgt.
• "The Comma, The Colon." Punctuation. Web. 15
  Mar. 2012. lthttp//www.edufind.com/english/punctu
  ation/comma.phgt.
• "Using Semicolons." Grammar and Punctuation. Web.
  12 Mar. 2012. lthttp//writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/Se
  micolons.htmlgt.