LGBTI DISCRIMINATION AND PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP:

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• LGBTI DISCRIMINATION AND PARENT-CHILD
  RELATIONSHIP
• CROSS BORDER MOBILITY OF RAINBOW FAMILIES IN THE
  EUROPEAN UNION
• By Elena Falletti
• Università Cattaneo Liuc
• (Italy)

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Rainbow families

• Adoption
• - Simple
• - Joint
• - Step-parenting
• - Second parent
• Assisted Reproductive Technology
• Surrogacy

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National Legal Regulations in 27 EU Member States

• 18 EU Member States have no explicit provision on
  access to in IVF and on adoption (Joint or second
  parent)
• 6 EU Member States treat equally heterosexuals
  and homosexuals couples
• 4 EU Member States regulate altruistic surrogacy
• 1 EU Member States recognize IVF and second
  parent adoption
• 1 EU Member State recognizes only second parent
  adoption

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EU Law

• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
  Union
• Free Movement Directive (Directive 2004/38/EC)
• Family Reunification Directive (Directive
  2003/86/EC)
• Qualification Directive (Directive 2011/95/EU)
• Regulation Brussels II (Council Regulation EC n.
  2201/2003

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European Case Law

• European Court of Justice
• (Luxembourg Court)
• - Article 21 Articles 7 and 9 of the Charter of
  Fundamental Rights of the European Union
• European Court of Human Rights
• (Strasbourg Court)
• - Non discrimination Best interest of the child
  Family life

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National law / 1

• Surrogacy
• - Belgium, Belgian homosexual parents / Ukraine
  surrogate mother
• - France, French homosexual parents / American
  surrogate mother
• - England, Belgian and English homosexual parents
  / India surrogate mother

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National law / 2

• In Vitro Fertilization
• - Germany, German lesbian couple / anonymous
  sperm donation in Denmark
• Connection with second parent adoption

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National law / 3

• Joint adoption
• - Slovenia, US and slovenian homosexuals couple
  adopted in New Jersey a US girl
• - Landmark decision of Slovenian Supreme Court
• - France, French and English homosexuals couple
  adopted a boy
• - Adoption recognized by the Cour d'Appel de
  Paris, rejected by the Cour de Cassation

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National law / 4

• Second Parent Adoption
• - France, Franco-Finnish lesbian couple
  registered in a PACS, two children
• - Germany, Bulgaria, Romania. Two homosexual
  people claimed for the second parent adoption of
  their partner's child.
• - Bundesverfassungsgericht, The unequal
  treatment of the children in relation to adopted
  children of spouses is not justified

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National case law / 5

• Second parent adoption
• - The Netherland, Belgium, Denmark. Adoption of
  unborn child
• Work in progress, reforming marriage national
  laws
• - France, Marriage pour tous
• - United Kingdom, Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill

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• Thank you for your kind attention!
• Any questions?