Reproductive System in Animals

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Reproductive System in Animals

• By Kaitlin, Kayleen Stephanie

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Function

• Continue the existence of a species
• Individuals can multiply selves
• Reproductive tissue usually is separate one to
  form a new organism
• Cells sperm and egg join to produce offspring

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How it works Asexual Reproduction

• Independent sexual reproduction that doesnt need
  union of male/female germ cells
• Uncommon, certain invertebrates can perform

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Asexual Reproduction Continued

• Hermaphroditism one organism has both
  reproductive systems to reproduce
• Sequential hermaphroditism an organism changes
  sex during its life
• - produce offspring without mating
• Parthenogenesis an unfertilized egg to develop
  and hatch (insects)

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How it works Sexual Reproduction

• Union of 2 sets of DNA which usually comes from
  different parents
• Gonads organ producing
• reproductive cells, needed in process
• - Male testes produce sperm
• - Female ovaries make eggs
• Sperm need wet environment get to egg
• Must meet when gonads contain mature gametes

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Porifera
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Porifera

• Sexual sponges usually cross-fertilize one
  another
• Eggs and sperm join to produce a free-swimming
  larva settles on surface (rocks)
• Asexual gemules (internal buds)
• Small cuts of sponges reproduce into a
  full-bodied sponge

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Cnidarians

• Asexual/Sexual
• Most Jellyfish - both reproductive systems
• Multible Stages
• Polyp Stage larva settles to the bottom,
  attaching self to a hard surface transforming
  into a polyp

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CnidariansEgg Stage and Poly Colony Stage

• Egg Stage Fertilized eggs develop inside the
  female or in pouches on the oral arms
• Larva is a short stage
• - leave mouth or pouch as
• free-swimming larva.
• Poly Colony Stage Polyp
• develops into a polyp colony kept
• together by feeding tubes

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Cnidarians cont.Ephyra Medusa stage

• Polyp colony reproduce asexually and bud off tiny
  free-swimming jellyfish (called Ephyra)
• Ephyra grow in size and become adult Medusa (form
  of jellyfish)

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Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms hermaphrodites
• Eggs of each animal become fertilized from sperm
  of partner
• Eggs are laid in cocoons
• Yolk supplies
• with nourishment
• Thenhatch

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Roundworms

• Reproduce sexually
• Separate sexes
• Chitinized spicules move
• into genital pore of the female.
• Sperm crawl along the
• spicule into female worm

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Annelids Worms and Leeches
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Annelids

• Sexually
• - some external fertilization
• - some hermaphrodites (rarely fertilize selves)
• - two worms attach exchange sperm and store
  in sacs until eggs ready to be fertilized
• - mucus ring forms and a cocoon is produced to
  hold embryos

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Mollusks

• Sexually
• Male shed sperm into water
• Fertilization in body of female water flow brings
  in sperm from male

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Arthropoda Insecta

• Insecta separate sexes
• Reproduction is usually sexual
• - some eggs can develop without fertilization
  by sperm

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Arthropoda Crustacea

• Crustacea
• - Fertilization when eggs laid
• - egg sticks to the females swimmeret
• - carries eggs until developed/survive on own.

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Arthropoda Arachnida

• Arachnida Sexual reproduction
• -Developing embryos protected until ready to be
  born by
• - egg case - cocoon - on female

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Echinodermata

• Sexual reproduction
• Uses external fertilization
• Have separate sexes

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Chordata Fish

• Sexually
• Female lays eggs
• Male fertilizes with a
• spray of liquid of
• sperm cells
• Yolk feeds the fish in
• the egg

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Chordata Amphibians

• Reproduces sexually
• Eggs fertilized outside of the mother's body
• Father immediately comes by and fertilizes them

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Chordata Reptiles

• Reproduces sexually
• Female's eggs fertilized by the male internally
• Egg then laid

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Chordata Aves (Birds)

• Reproduce sexually
• Fertilization male place sperm in the female
• Bird lays eggs protective
• shell
• Male often help keep eggs
• warm until hatched

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Chordata Mammal

• Reproduce sexually
• Female fertilized internally by male

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Interesting facts

• In internal fertilization a female not willing
  to mate often will injure/kill an aggressive male
• In sea horses, the males become pregnant
• At five to six weeks of age male mice reach
  puberty
• Snails are hermaphrodites but still need to mate
  to produce fertile eggs

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Reproductive system interactions

• Only system not necessary for an individual
  organism to live
• Doesnt depend on any other system to work
• Endocrine system
• - hormones in the bloodstream
• - system that interacts with reproduction

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Possible Test Questions

• What is the Purpose of the Reproductive System?
• Define and explain the two reproduction
  processes?
• True/False Hermaphrodites always reproduce with
  self.

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Answers

• What is the Purpose of the Reproductive System?
• Continue the existence of a species and for
  individuals to multiply selves
• Define and explain the two reproduction
  processes?
• Sexual 2 sets of DNA, Sperm must meet egg to
  fertilize
• Asexual Independent reproduction not needing
  union of male/female cells
• True/False Hermaphrodites always reproduce with
  self.
• False Sometimes mate with other animals
  (Annelids) though have both parts

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If Egg were to be fertilized.
Beginnings of embryo. As it grow, consume yellow
part yoke