Plants!

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Plants!

• An introduction

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Plants

• All plants are multi-cellular, autotrophic
  eukaryotes.
• Lots of cells.
• Produces its own food using chlorophyll.
• Has a Nucleus .

3
Plants

• Plants are not able to independently move from
  one place to another.
• Plants have dedicated tissues
• Groups of cells to perform specific functions.
• All plants undergo sexual reproduction

4
Plant reproduction

• All plants undergo sexual reproduction involving
  fertilization producing a zygote
• Fertilized egg.(seeds)
• All plants have life cycles which alternates
  between a gametophyte and a sporophyte.
• Gametes - sex cells

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Plant reproduction

• The sporophyte produces spores by meiosis.
• In flowering plants, the sporophyte comprises the
  whole body except the pollen and seeds.

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Plant reproduction

• A gametophyte is the structure, or phase, that
  contains a single set of chromosomes.
• In flowering plants there are the female
  gametophyte (ovule) and the male gametophyte
  (pollen) structures.

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Plant reproduction
http//8e.devbio.com/article.php?ch20id268
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Plant reproduction
apbiosemonefinalreview.pbworks.com
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Plant reproduction
http//8e.devbio.com/article.php?ch20id268
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Plants

• The plant kingdom is one of the largest groups of
  living things with more than half a million
  different species.
• Examples include multi-cellular algae, moss,
  ferns, flowering plants, and trees.

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Plant Classifications

• There are only 4 distinct types of plants.
• Non-vascular seedless plants
• Vascular seedless
• Vascular non-flowering (like pine cones)
• Vascular flowering

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Plant Classifications

• Non-Vascular Seedless
• Plants that do not use a system of vessels to
  transport water and nutrients between different
  parts of the plant.
• Non-vascular plants are the simplest of all land
  dwelling plants.
• All are low-growing.
• First plants on land.

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Plant Classifications

• Non-Vascular Seedless
• Mosses

http//visual.merriam-webster.com/images/plants-ga
rdening/plants/moss/examples-mosses.jpg
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Moss Structure
Diagram modified from http//bryophytes.science.o
regonstate.edu/page3.htmanchor30816
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Plant Classifications

• Non-Vascular Seedless
• Liverworts

http//www.sheffield.ac.uk/content/1/c6/05/24/91/l
iverworts-close-up-web.jpg
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Plant Classifications

• Non-Vascular Seedless
• Hornworts

http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/hornwortyoung.
jpg
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Plant Classifications

• Seedless, Vascular
• The plants in this group have a true vascular
  transport system for the movement of water and
  nutrients
• They are "seedless" because they reproduce by
  means of spores.
• Spore
• a reproductive structure that is adapted for
  dispersal.

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Plant Classifications

• Seedless, Vascular
• Ferns

http//kmacphoto.net/ferns.jpg
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Structure of a Fern
http//nefern.info/topics/tpcfrond.htm
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Plant Classifications

• Seedless, Vascular
• Horsetails

http//www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/hrstail/
6-29-19.jpg
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Plant Classifications

• Seedless, Vascular
• Whisk Ferns

http//www.palaeos.com/Plants/Images/Psilotum.jpg
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Plant Classifications

• Seeds, Vascular
• Include conifers and flowering plants,
• Plants have vascular transport system and produce
  seeds.

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Plant Classifications

• Seeds, Vascular flowering
• Angiosperms

http//www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Anthop
h/floweringplant
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Angiosperm Life Cycle
tutorvista.com
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Angiosperm Life Cycle

• Parts of a seed.

http//extension.missouri.edu/p/MG3
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Plant Classifications

• Seeds, Vascular Non-flowering
• Gymnosperms

http//biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/taxonomy/plants
/spermatophyta/Gymnosperms/
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle
tutorvista.com
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Gymnosperm Life Cycle

• Parts of a cone.

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Parts of a Plant

• LEAF
• Absorbs sunlight for plant to convert to energy.
• Stores chlorophyll and is the site of
  photosynthesis.
• Contain Stoma
• a pore, found in the leaf and stem of plants that
  is used for gas exchange
• Can be wide and flat (as in a maple leaf) or long
  and thin (as in a cactus spine)
• Covered with a water proof layer called the
  cuticle

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Parts of a Plant

• LEAF

http//www.woodlands.co.uk/images/tree-identificat
ion/leafdiagram.jpg
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Parts of a Plant

• LEAF

http//www.molecularexpressions.com/cells/ leaftis
sue/images/leafstructurelargefigure1.jpg
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Parts of a Plant

• STEM
• supports leaves and flowers.
• carries water, minerals, and food up and down
  between the plants leaves and roots.
• can be small and thin (as in a flower) or tall
  and thick (as in a tree).
• helps plant grow in a direction toward energy
  sources.
• has light-sensitive tips to ensure growth toward
  light.

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Parts of a Plant

• STEM

http//paintthelight.net/BotanyProject/Activities/
images/2004_gallery_stem_diagram.jpg
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Parts of a Plant

• ROOT
• Grows down into the soil or water.
• Anchors plant to the earth.
• Absorbs water and minerals needed for growth.
• Includes varieties, based on structure
• Taproots single large root with a few smaller,
  branching roots.
• Fibrous roots many small roots branching off in
  different directions.

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Parts of a Plant

• Taproot

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Plan
t_taproots.jpg
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Parts of a Plant

• Fibrous roots

http//www.croplangenetics.com/stellent/groups/pub
lic/documents/web_content/ecmd0014867.jpg
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Parts of a Plant

• Vascular System
• Xylem
• Used for water and mineral transport
• Phloem
• Used for sugar/food transport

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Parts of a Plant

• Vascular System

http//www.treeboss.net/images/bark_cross_section.
jpg
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Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
  take energy from the sun and combine carbon
  dioxide and water to produce food.
• Water Carbon Dioxide Light ---gt Sugar
  Oxygen
• 6H2O 6CO2 Light ---gt C6H12O6 6O2

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Photosynthesis

• Utilizes Carbon dioxide from the air enters the
  leaves through their stomata.
• Water from the soil is absorbed through the
  roots.
• Sunlight energy is absorbed through chlorophyll,
  found in the leaves of most plants.
• The chlorophyll uses the suns energy to split
  water into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen combines
  with carbon dioxide to form glucose and oxygen is
  released through the stomata.