Chapter 24: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

1
Chapter 24 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Key Terms
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
• Epidemic
• Chlamydia
• Nongonococcal Urethritis
• Gonorrhea
• Trichomoniasis
• Vaginitis

2
Terms, cont.

• Genital Warts
• Genital Herpes
• Syphilis
• Asymptomatic
• HPV vaccine
• Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV)
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

3
Media

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vw6ylxWcwkUM

4
The Silent Epidemic

• About 13 million new cases of STDs are reported
  each year in the U.S.
• Why is it called The Silent Epidemic?

5
STDs and Adolescents

• Two-thirds of all STD cases occur in adolescents
  and young adults.
• The CDC has noted that 1 in 4 sexually active
  teens will contract an STD before graduating from
  high school.

6
Myth or Fact???

• You can get STDs only if you have lots of sexual
  partners.

7
Myth or Fact???

• Some types of STDs are incurable and last a
  lifetime.

8
Myth or Fact???

• In some cases, especially early in the disease,
  no symptoms are present.

9
Myth or Fact???

• Once the symptoms of the disease go away, the
  disease is cured.

10
Myth or Fact???

• You can only have one type of STD at a time.

11
Myth or Fact???

• Once infected with an STD, you cannot get it
  again.

12
Myth or Fact???

• No vaccine exists for STDs, except for Hepatitis
  B.

13
Myth or Fact???

• Having a Pap test is one way a female can find
  out if she has an STD.

14
STDs and Your Future

• Contracting an STD can dramatically change your
  future
• 1.) STDs can cause sterility.
• 2.) Infants born to mothers with STDs can be
  infected at birth and suffer consequences such as
  blindness and deformities.
• 3.) Some STDs are incurable.
• 4.) Individuals with STDs are at a greater risk
  for cancer, and some STDs such as AIDS are fatal.

15
Female and Male Reproductive system

• http//www.cdc.gov/std/training/picturecards/Femal
  e-Reproductive-System.pdf
• http//www.cdc.gov/std/training/picturecards/Male-
  Reproductive-System.pdf

16
Chlamydia

• The CDC estimates that more than 2.8 million new
  cases of chlamydia infection occur each year.
• Chlamydia is a common cause of Nongonococcal
  Urethritis and, if untreated, can lead to PID
  (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) in females.

17
Symptoms of Chlamydia

• Males
• 1.) Pain and burning during urination
• 2.) Unusual discharge
• Females (not always obvious)
• 1.) Pain in the pelvic region
• 2.) Painful urination
• 3.) Unusual discharge
• Can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

18
Treatment of Chlamydia

• Certain antibiotics can cure chlamydia.

19
Gonorrhea

• Symptoms (not always obvious)
• Symptoms usually appear between three days and
  three weeks after sexual contact with an infected
  person.
• Males
• 1.) Whitish discharge from the penis
• 2.) Burning during urination
• Females
• 1.) Slight discharge from the vagina
• 2.) Burning during urination
• 3.) Abnormal menstruation
• 4.) Abdominal pain or tenderness

20
Treatment of Gonorrhea

• Can be treated by antibiotics.

21
Trichomoniasis

• Trichomoniasis is caused by the single-celled
  protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. The
  vagina is the most common site of infection in
  women, and the urethra (urine canal) is the most
  common site of infection in men.The parasite is
  sexually transmitted through penis-to-vagina
  intercourse or vulva-to-vulva (the genital area
  outside the vagina) contact with an infected
  partner. Women can acquire the disease from
  infected men or women, but men usually contract
  it only from infected women.

22
Trichomoniasis, cont.

• Symptoms
• Males
• 1.) Itching of the penis
• 2.) A clear discharge
• 3.) Pain during urination
• Females
• 1.) Burning and itching in the vagina
• 2.) Pain during urination
• 3.) Yellowish-green discharge

23
Treatment of Trichomoniasis

• Can be cured with medicine prescribed by a
  physician.
• Trichomoniasis can cause a secondary infection
  in females called vaginitis.

24
Genital Warts

• Caused by a virus called Human Papilloma Virus
  (HPV)
• Once infected, a person has the virus for the
  rest of her or his life.
• Warts appear on the genitals one to three months
  after infection.

25
Treatment of Genital Warts

• Doctor may remove warts, but they may reappear.
• Prescription skin medication
• This STD may cause cervical cancer in women.

26
Genital Herpes

• Caused by Herpes Simplex Type 2
• Cannot be cured
• Sores usually appear two to twenty days after
  contact with an infected person and may last as
  long as three weeks.
• Other symptoms include fever and burning during
  urination

27
Treatment of Genital Herpes

• Breakouts may be caused by stress
• Medications are used to treat the symptoms.
• To avoid spreading herpes, infected persons
  should avoid sexual contact when blisters are
  present and right after they disappear.

28
Syphilis

• When left untreated, can damage vital organs,
  such as the heart, liver, kidneys, central
  nervous system including the brain.
• Syphilis develops in stages.
• Symptoms appear and then go away on their own.
• If treated early, the disease can be cured.

29
Stages of Syphilis

• 1.) Primary Stage
• Chancre
• Painless, reddish sore
• Appears 10 to 90 days after contact
• Lasts one to five weeks and will then go away
• 2.) Secondary Stage
• If not treated, appears one to six months after
  contact
• Highly contagious at this stage

30
Stages, cont.

• Non-itching rash on the chest, backs of the arms,
  and legs
• Fever
• Sore throat
• General sick feeling
• Without treatment, these symptoms will disappear,
  but the disease continues to develop.

31
Stages, cont.

• 3.) Latent Stage
• Begins two or more years after infection
• All signs disappear, leading the individual to
  believe that he or she is cured.
• In this stage, the disease begins to attack the
  heart , blood vessels, and central nervous
  system.
• May relapse to the second stage and develop sores
  again.

32
Stages, cont.

• 4.) Neurosyphilis Stage
• If left untreated, the disease moves into this
  stage within 10 to 30 years, and the heart, skin,
  brain, and spinal cord are affected.
• Syphilis in this stage can be treated, but not
  cured.

33
Treatment of Syphilis

• Blood tests determine if a person has syphilis
• Penicillin is the main drug used in the treatment
  of syphilis
• Early treatment is crucial

34
Other STDs

• Chancroid
• Candidiasis
• Pubic lice
• Scabies
• Hepatitis B
• HIV

35
Responsibilities of Infected Individuals

• Treatment
• Notify all people with whom he or she has had
  sexual contact.
• Educate future partners about the the STD, and
  encourage them to have medical checkups.

36
Conclusion

• STDs.
• Educate yourself, and make good choices!

37
Questions??