Islam and the Early Caliphates

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Islam and the Early Caliphates
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The Arabian Peninsula Pre-Islam

• mostly nomadic tribes (Bedouins)
• Tribes often fought
• Worshiped a large variety of gods
• Took pride in oral traditions/group loyalty
• TRADERS (Muhammad was a merchant)

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Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
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The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
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Mecca

• Major trading/religious city
• Importance of the Kaaba
• located between Byzantine and Sassanid Empire

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The Messenger

• Muhammad (570-632 C.E.)
• Retreats and revelations
• Famous text Quran
• Rejection of the Kaabas gods
• Growing movement towards Allah/Yahweh as deity
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• Followers were kicked out of town (the Hijra)
  

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Quran

• Holy book of Islam
• Called for a creation of a new society (Umma)
  based on justice

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• The Five Pillars of Islam

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1. The Shahada

• The declaration of faith

There is no god except God, and Muhammad is
HisMessenger.
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2. The Salat

• Prayers performed 5 times a day dawn
  noon late afternoon
  sunset before going to bed
• Wash before praying.
• Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

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2. The Salat (continued)

• The call to prayer by the muezzin in the
  minaret.
• Pray in the mosque on Friday.

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3. The Zakat

• Almsgiving (charitable donations).
• About 2.5 of your wealth.

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4. The Sawm

• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset
  during Ramadan.

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5. The Hajj

• The pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Must be done at least once in a Muslims
  lifetime.
• 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage
  every year.

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Pilgrims On The Road to And Camped Outside of
Mecca
Pil
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The Dar al-Islam The Unity found across Muslim
areas supported by common practice
The Worldof Islam
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Muslims in the WorldToday
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Countries with the Largest Muslim Population
1. Indonesia 230,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000
Arabs make up only 20 of the total Muslim
population of the world.
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• In What region of the world do the largest number
  of Muslims live?
• Europe
• North Africa
• The Middle East
• South and Southeast Asia
• Sub-Saharan Africa

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The Spread of Islam

• Easy to learn and practice.
• No priesthood.
• Teaches equality.
• Follow one law The Sharia
• Non-Muslims allowed religious freedom, but
  paid additional taxes.
• Easily portable ? nomads trade routes.
• The Weakness of nearby empires (Byzantine
  Persian) allowed conquest

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Arab Empire Early Years

• Muhammads death caused division who should
  lead?
• Abu Bakr elected (632-634)
• Goal of conquest brings the umma together

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Motives for Conquest

• United
• Distraction from internal fighting
• Promised a share of the booty
• AVOIDED mass conversions
• so they wouldnt have to share their booty
• so they could tax subjects at higher rates

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Chart Time!

• Instructions Make a Venn Diagram with at least
  three examples of how Islam spread by way of
  social, religious, and military factors (at least
  one of each).