The Musculoskeletal System

1
The Musculoskeletal System

• BONES
• There are 206 bones in the body

2
BONES

• 4 bone types
• LONG
• FLAT
• IRREGULAR
• SHORT

3
SKULL
4
The Skull

• Two sections
• Cranial
• Facial

5
22 Bones make up the skull

• Facial bones 14

6
8 Cranial Bones
7
The skull

• Cranial 8 bones
• Frontal
• Temporal
• Occipital
• Parietal

• Facial- 14 bones
• Maxillary
• Mandible
• Nasal

NEW Book PG 104 Draw skull and label
8
The Vertebral (SPINAL) Column

• 33 vertebrae
• The central nervous system contains the spinal
  cord and the brain
• Between each vertebrae there is a intervertebral
  disc (shock absorber)

• DRAW Thoracic example on page 70 and label
• Body
• Foramen
• Transverse process
• Spinous process
• Laminae

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Vertebral column

• Cervical vertebrae
• Thoracic vertebrae
• Lumbar vertebrae
• Sacrum
• Coccyx
• The sacrum and the hip bones form the body
  structure called the pelvic girdle

10
33,26,30

• Cervical Vertebrae C1- C7
• All mammals except manatees and sloths have
  seven cervical vertebrae, whatever the length
  of the neck.
• Thoracic T1- T 12
• Lumbar L1-L5
• Sacrum 5 fused
• Coccyx 4 fused

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FUN WEBSITE WITH INTERACTIVE ID OF PARTS OF
VERTEBRAE

• http//www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skeletont
  t.htm
• http//www.purposegames.com/game/1009
• http//www.purposegames.com/game/1541

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Additional Web sites

• http//www.purposegames.com/game/183/info
• http//www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm
• http//www.fossweb.com/modules3-6/HumanBody/index.
  html

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Thoracic Bones

• Bones of the thoracic cage are
• Sternum
• 12 pairs of ribs (10 connected and 2 floating)
• Manubrium
• Xiphoid process
• Intercostal spaces- dead space between ribs

OLD BOOK Draw and label the above pg 72
14
Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremities

• Scapula
• Collarbone
• Acromion
• Humerous
• Radius
• Ulna

• Carpal bones 8 (wrist)
• Metacarpals 5 per hand
• Phalanges 14 proximal medial distal

Draw and label above may connect and make one
large drawing OLD Book pg 73 and 74
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Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremities

• Lower Extremities
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Tarsus

• Pelvic girdle
• Ileum
• Ischium
• Pubis

Draw and label above old book pg75 A B and pg
78fig 6-12 pg and fig 6-13
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How many bones are in the human foot?

• A. 17
• B. 32
• C. 26
• D. 12

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FOOT/ANKLE

• 15 of all sports injuries involve the
  ligaments, bones, and tendons of the ankle
• The ankle absorbs 3xs the force of the body
  during running and jumping

• FYI
• 20,000 ankle sprains in US a yr
• Feet cushion up to 1 million lbs. of pressure
  during a single hr. of strenuous exercise
• The feet log 1,000 miles per year

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Identify sex of skeletal remains by pelvis

• ? female ? male

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Joints

• 3 types of Joints
• Diarthroses
• Amphiarthroses
• Synarthroses

• 4 types of Diarthroses
• Hinge joints
• Ball and socket joints
• Pivot joints
• Gliding joints

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Specific Joint Motion

• The skull
• The only moveable skull joint is the
  temporomandibular joint
• Capable of flexion, extension, protraction and
  retraction
• All other movement between the skull, neck trunk
  are made by intervertebral joints of the
  vertebral body

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Specific Joint motions

• HEAD AND NECK
• Occipital bone and cervical vertebrae (c1 and C2)
  allow F, E, Right and Left lateral F, and right
  and left rotation
• Trunk
• Most motion in cervical and lumbar area
• Intervertebral joints
• Gliding joints
• Same as head and neck
• Motion in the thoracic spine is limited by rib
  cage

22
Specific joint motion

• Shoulder girdle and upper extremities
• Ball and socket joint
• Allows F, E, AB, AD, Internal and external
  rotation
• Elbow is hinge joint(moves in 1 direction)
• Flexion and extension
• Wrist-flexion, extention rotation
• Fingers-F,E, AB, AD

23
Specific Joint Motion

• Pelvic girdle and lower extremities
• Built for weight bearing( to hold you up)
• Hip-ball and socket
• Motion same as shoulder
• Knee modified hinge-joint F, E, limited RO
• Ankle similar to wrist
• Toes- same as fingers