THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

• Chapter 14
• Lesson 1 part 2

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joint
a connection between two or more bones or between
cartilage and bone
Joints provide flexibility and enable the
skeleton to move.
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Joints are designed for specific functions and
are classified into two groups

• Movable Joints
• Immovable Joints

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Movable Joints

• ball and socket
• hinge
• pivot
• gliding (condyloid)

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Ball and socket joint
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Hinge joint
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Pivot joint
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Gliding (condyloid) joint
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Immovable Joints
sutures - the interlocking margins of skull bones
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Anatomy of a joint
Tendon
Bursa
Patella
Femur
Bursa
Synovial Cavity
Ligament
Tibia
Bursa
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synovial membrane
lines the inner surface of the joint cavity
secretes a lubricating fluid called synovial
fluid, which acts as a shock absorber between the
bones
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ligaments
connect the bones of a joint
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ligaments
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tendons
connects muscle to bone often extend across the
joint and strengthens it
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bursas
a fluid-filled sac lined with synovial membrane
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa
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bursas
located between tendons, ligaments, bones
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bursas
serve as cushions and reduce friction
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa
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Bone JointDiseases and Disorders

• Arthritis
• Rheumatism
• Sprain
• Double-jointed
• Osteoporosis

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Arthritis
a disease in which joints become irritated or
inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is
damaged or wears away usually accompanied by
pain. Arthritis frequently results in changes in
the joint structure, greatly hampering movement.
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Rheumatism
a general term for various conditions that are
characterized by soreness and stiffness of
muscles and joints
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Sprain
A stretch injury to the ligaments of a joint. In
severe sprains, the ligaments may be torn.
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Double-jointed
results from abnormally long ligaments, which
allow a joint to be easily dislocated
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a common bone disease which
causes bones to weaken and become brittle.
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Healthy Bones

• One of the best ways to keep bones healthy is to
  exercise.
• Without exercise, bones weaken and lose mass.
• Bones need a balanced diet that includes calcium
  and Vitamin D.

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The Skeletal System and Homeostasis

• Because bones supply calcium to your nerves,
  muscles, and heart, a healthy skeletal system is
  important in maintaining your bodys homeostasis.
• Working together with muscles, bones enable you
  to move away from unpleasant stimuli or danger.