Need for Rural Energy Systems

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Need for Rural Energy Systems
P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering
Department
An Ideal solution to a Three Dimensional Problem
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Why RES ?

• A Pico Power Plant lt 30 kW.
• Rural Energy Systems are Pico Plants.
• No Standard technologies.
• Highly customized Designs.
• Low Profit Margins.

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Gram Swaraj A pivotal concept in Mahatama
Gandhi's thinking

• The fundamental concept of Gram swaraj is that
  every village should be its own republic,
• "independent of its neighbours for its own vital
  wants and yet interdependent for many others in
  which dependence is necessary," according to
  Gandhi, writing in 1942.
• Each village should be basically self-reliant,
  making provision for all necessities of life -
  food, clothing, clean water, sanitation, housing,
  education and so on .

Pico Energy Systems are also the Requirement of
Gram Swaraj
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Why Pico? A Scientific Three dimensional Problem
Statement.
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The First Dimension Highly Distributed Resources

• The natural and renewable resources are
  distributed
• In quantity and quality.
• One single big plant is not holistically viable.
• Pico size is a true solution to this dimension.

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Geo-thermal Map of India
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Existing biomass capacity in India
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Irrational Energy Service by Central Big Fossil
Units Among Humans

• Many remote villages without electricity/energy
  appliances.
• Unreliable supply to inner towns and villages.
• Dangerous social problems Non-cooperation of
  remote population to peace of Nation !!?!?!?!

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Countries with large population without access to
electricity
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Number of Un-electrified Villages
Sl. No. State No. of un-electrified villages as on 31-3-2006 Villages Electrified during 2006-07 Balance un-electrified villages
1. Uttar Pradesh 31,063 16,620 14,443
2. Orissa 21,294 0 21,294
3. Jharkhand 20,431 0 20,431
4. Bihar 18,405 8,415 9,990
5. Rajasthan 13,908 765 13,143
6. Maharashtra 5,554 0 5,554
7. Assam 5,464 0 5,464
8. West Bengal 5,084 2,108 2,976
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Number of Un-electrified Households
Sl. No. State No. of un-electrified households (in lakhs) of un-electrified Households
1. Bihar 120 94.57
2. Jharkhand 34 90.01
3. Assam 35 83.46
4. Orissa 54.7 80.65
5. Uttar Pradesh 165 80.16
6. West Bengal 88.9 79.73
7. Meghalaya 2.2 69.74
8. Tripura 3.68 68.25
9. Rajasthan 40.06 55.98
10. Mizoram 0.44 55.86
11. Arunachal Pradesh 0.91 55.47
12. Chattisgarh 18.1 53.89
Total 562.99
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Countries with the largest population relying on
traditional use of biomass for cooking, 2010
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Human W/O Energy?
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Third Dimension Impact on Environment Ecology
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Unacceptable Impact of Fossil Units On Nature

• Fossil energy systems demand big central units.
• Strong influence on Climate.
• 200 years fossil energy culture changed the few
  million years old climate cycle.

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Globally, the power sector is responsible for
more than two-fifths (41) of total
energy-related CO2 emissions. In 2007
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Impact of Large Solar Units on Environment

• Manufacturing the photovoltaic cells to produces
  that energy requires silicon and produce some
  waste products.
• Inappropriate handling of these materials may
  lead to hazardous exposure to humans and the
  environment.
• Installing solar power plants may require large
  piece of land, which may impact existing
  ecosystems.
• The clearing and use of large areas of land for
  solar power facilities can adversely affect
  native vegetation and wildlife in many ways,
  including loss of habitat interference with
  rainfall and drainage or direct contact causing
  injury or death.
• The impacts are exacerbated when the species
  affected are classified as sensitive, rare, or
  threatened and endangered.

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Concept of Pico Hybrid Distributed Power Units

• A typical rural power plant should be an
  amalgamation any two or more of the Six energy
  technologies identified in this work
• Enriched Biogas Engines
• Biodiesel Engines
• Engines for producer gas
• Engines using a combination of bio-fuels.
• Micro-Hydel Turbines
• Animal Driven Prime Movers