Unit Nineteen

1
Unit Nineteen
The Architecture Feature
2
The Architecture Feature
Passage one
Passage two
Passage three
3
The area of Three Gorges with waters and
mountains is one of birthplaces of Chinese
nations. During a long history, the traditional
cultures and geographical features invest(??) its
architecture(??) with particular glamour(?????)
So ancient and numerous(???), so mysterious(???)
and prime(???). In addition to over 50
ruins(?? )of the Old Stone Age, above 80 ruins of
the New Stone Age, more than 100 ruins of the
ancient natives (??? ) of Ba Country,
4
about 470 ruins from Han Dynasty to another 6
dynasties as well as numerous ancient grave
groups, now there are 453 places of history
relics (??) on the ground, dealt with or saved
only in the submerged (??? )district due to (??)
the Three Gorges Project. The architectural
relics contain the classifications such as
ancient buildings, stone inscriptions, trails
(????) on the cliff ( ?? ), roads for drawing
boats, bridges, towers and memorial archways(
????? ), etc.
5
For instance, the earliest Chinese building on
the groundHanque built in Han Dynasty in Zhong
County, Shibaozhai constructed in Ming Dynasty in
Zhongzhou Town, Zhang Fei Temple rebuilt in Qing
Dynasty, an ancient town Dachang in Wu Mountain,
Qu Yuan Temple and Jiangdu Temple in Zigui
County, more than 300 buildings including
residence complexes and so on created in Ming
Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, etc.
6
In Three Gorges area, there is the horrifying(
????? ) Guimenguan in Fengdu Town, the
hydrographic(???)wonder Baihe Ridge( ? ),
mysterious(???)trails (????? )on cliffs,
surprising military strongholds (?? )like the
Great Wall, Baidicheng in a fairyland, Zhixi
Pavilion (?) in a poetic environment, the
resident(??? )Diaojiao houses unique (???) to the
Tujia nationality, the solemn(??? )Huangling
Temple and so on.
7
Only in Yichang City, there is the immutable( ??
)Zhengjiangge Pavilion, the grand Tianran Tower,
the 5 great bridges on the Yangtze River like
rainbows, the dragon fossils(??)museum like
magic(???)box, the Bingjing Park well-known as
the First Garden on the Banks of Yangtze River,
the famous Gezhouba Hydropower Project with the
First Gate in the World then, the biggest
extant(??? )iron tower preserved best in Yuquan
Temple,
8
the biggest and most advanced(??? )ship lift(???
)of the ship lock(??)in the world, the Qingjiang
hydroelectric stations like terraces(??)and the
Three Gorges Project with worldwide fame(??).
It is in Three Gorges district that Chinese
civilizations(??)are reflected(?? )from the
visible(??? )constructions(?? )as national
treasures!
9
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10
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??? ???????????????!
11
Passage 1
An Architectural Miracle in the World---
Shibaozhai
12
Forty-five kilometers away from Zhong County, in
Chongqing City , Shibaozhai ( Stone Treasure
Village )is on the peak of isolated Yuying Hill (
Jade Signet Hill ) rising steeply on the north
bank of the Yangtze River. Shibaozhai is a red,
wooden tower with 12 floors, leaning against the
cliff and facing the water. It is 56 meters high,
and each floor retracts a little having 3 sides
with 4 eaves. The splendid structure, whose
design is exquisite, takes its tendency along the
hills and looks like a fairyland. Shibaozhai is
regarded as one of the 8 architectural miracles
in the world.
13
Shibaozhai was named and built firstly in Wanli
Age, Ming Dynasty, because of Tan Hongs uprising
and occupation of the village. An antique street
called Shibaojie is under the tower and the
traditional building consists of a tower door,
tower floors and a stone temple on the top. The
colorful tower door with the words Xiao Penglai
( Small Paradise ) and Ti Yun Zhishang ( Go
Straight Up With Ladders) on it, is made of
bricks and stones, which is 6 meters high.
14
People can reach the summit by stepping on the
winding stairs in the building. On each floor
there are a lot of ancient stone inscriptions,
portraits or poems on display, and through the
windows of each floor, the variable scenic
Yangtze River appears in full view. Visitors
spiral up and get in the ancient stone temple
Lan Ruo Dian ( Orchidlike Temple ) on the top.
In the main hall of the temple, a figure of the
general called Ba Manzi in ancient Ba Country is
consecrated. The peak of the hill,
15
230 meters above sea level, is a stone yard
covering an area of 1200 square meters.
Appreciating the misty scenery, you would feel
really refreshed and open-minded immediately.
Shibaozhai is a unique tower made by means of
Chuandou Skills with its special structural style
in China, among the rare precious high buildings
of wooden structures in existence. It is a
typical local building, a symbol of folk
architectural technology in South China, and a
priceless treasure in the world.
16
Notes
1. ??????????????????,?????????????,?????????????
eaves n. overhanging edges of a roof The
pavilion is an ancient building with six eaves
and twelve pillars. ?????????????????? Icicles
were hanging from the eaves. ????????
17
2. The smoke spiralled up.??????? Prices are
still spiraling. ????????? The rocket went up in
a spiral. ???????? 3 We cant exist without
food and water. ????????????? Does life exist on
Mars? ???????? Do you believe in the existence of
ghosts? ??????? This is the oldest Hebrew
manuscript in existence. ???????????????
18
4. ?????????????????????,?????????,?????????,???
????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
???????,???????????,?????????????????????,??????50
????,?????????????????????,??????????????,???????
?,??????????????????????????,?????????,??????,????
?????
19
New Words
peak n. ??,?? portrait n. ?? precious
a. ??? rare a.  ??? refreshed a.
????? retract v. ?? scenic a.
????? signet n. ?? splendid a.
???,??? spiral n.v. ?? steeply ad. ???
antique a. ??? architectural a.
???? brick n. ? cliff n. ??
consecrate v. ?? display n.v. ?? eaves
n. ?? exquisite a. ??? existence n.
??,?? fairyland n. ?? figure n. ??
20
General n. ?? inscription n. ??,?? isolated
a. ??? jade n. ?? means n.
??,?? miracle n. ?? misty a.
???,?? occupation n. ?? orchid n.
?? open-minded a. ??? paradise n. ??
summit n. ??,?? symbol n. ?? technology n.
?? temple n. ??,?? tendency n. ?? typical a.
??? unique a. ????? uprising n. ?? variable
a. ??? winding a. ???
21
Exercises
I. Answer the questions
1. Where is Shibaozhai? 2. What do the names of
Shibaozhai and Yuyingshan mean? 3. How important
is Shibaozhai? 4. How can people reach the summit
in the building? 5. What is the appearance of
the tower?
key
key
key
22
II. Decide the statements true or false
1. Shibaozhai was named and built firstly in
Wanli Age, Ming Dynasty, because of Tan Hongs
uprising and occupation of the village. ( ) 2.
Under the tower is a modern street called
Shibaojie. ( ) 3. The building consists of a
tower door, tower floors and a stone temple on
the top. ( ) 4. On the tower door the words
Xiao Penglai means Small Paradise and Ti Yun
Zhishang means Go Straight Up With Ladders. (
) 5. The tower door is made of bricks and stones,
which is 5 meters high. ( )
key
23
III. Multiple choices
1. On each floor of the tower there are a lot of
ancient _______ on display A. stone inscriptions
B. portraits or poems C. stone
inscriptions, portraits or poems D.
photographs 2. Through _______ of each floor of
the tower, the variable scenic Yangtze River
appears in full view. A. the windows
B. the doors C. the eaves
D. the roofs 3. In the main hall of the stone
temple, _______ called Ba Manzi in ancient Ba
Country is consecrated. A. a statue of the
general B. a figure of the general C. a
picture of the general D. a figure of the
president
key
24
4. The peak of the hill, _______ above sea level,
is a stone yard covering an area of _______.
A. 230 meters, 1300 square meters B. 220
meters, 1200 square meters C. 230 kilometers,
1200 square meters D. 230 meters, 1200 square
meters 5. Appreciating the misty scenery on the
peak, you would feel really refreshed and ______
immediately. A. unhappy B. open-minded
C. worried D. dangerous
key
25
Translation
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26
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200??????,??230 ?,????,????,?????????
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27
Passage 2
Works of Art, Xintan
Ancient Residence Complexes
28
Xintan Ancient Residence Complexes in Zigui
County, Yichang City are most typical residences
with their characteristics in the area of the
Three Gorges. The complexes, which were joined
together taking their trends along the mountain,
are located on the two banks of the Yangtze River
in Xiling Gorge. The ancient houses were firstly
built over 1600 years ago, and most ones were
made in Ming Dynasty or Qing Dynasty. The old
houses with white walls and dark gray tiles face
the south leaning upon the mountain.
29
A set of the old house is on three or four
different levels at least. Usually, if you want
to enter the formal room of an ordinary house,
you would pass stone stairs firstly, an archway
and a yard, then step on stone stairs again, go
through a gateway, move in a hall, get in a
courtyard, and walk on stone steps thirdly. If
you want to visit a rich family, you would lose
your way in the house, because there are about
three or four courtyards, and everywhere are
stone steps, winding corridors.
30
The characteristics of the old house still
embody in using materials for the building.
The timber for a supporting pillar or a column
always has a diameter of over 33 or 66
centimeters. And the wooden doors, windows and
fences are completely of first-rate quality, most
of which are decorated with various sculptures.
31
The bricks of outside wall are called Line
Brick by local people. It is only 2 centimeters
thick, made by the yellow mud on the beach and
burnt by firewood, whose color is light gray.
When building walls, people often put some bricks
together to form empty boxes, then fill them with
some small stones and mud. The house made of the
Line Bricks is solid and not easy to absorb heat,
so it is very cool in summer.
32
The tiles on the old house are called Cun
Tile( 1 cun means 3.3centimeters in China) by
local people. The tiles covering each other are
placed one cun (3.3centimeters) away from other
ones edges like stairs, and they look like
standing on the roof. The Cun Tile is so strong
that the roof never leak rain even throughout
decades and hundreds years.
33
It is such over 1000 houses row upon row that
form an ancient town, one of the several
traditional residence crowds. Xintan Ancient
Residence Complexes in Zigui County are regarded
as works of stones, bricks, woods and tiles art.
The ancient people adapted the working method to
local conditions, took flexible measures, and
obtained raw materials locally, which fully shows
the harmonious relation between human beings and
architecture, and the pleasing connection between
buildings and nature.
34
Notes
1. ?????????????????????????????????????,?????????
????,???????????????????,??????,??????????????????
???, ?????????????,??,???,???,????????????????????
??,??????????????,????,?????????,?????????????
35
2. 1985?6?,??????????,??????????,?????????????????
,?????,?????????????????,???????????? 3.
??????,?????????????,??????????????????????????,??
?????????
36
New Words
residence n. ??,?? characteristic n. ?? trend
n. ?? tile n. ? lean
vi. ?? archway n. ?? gateway n.
?? courtyard n. ?? embody n. ??
pillar n. ?? column n. ?? diameter n.
?? sculpture n. ?? absorb vt. ?? edge n.
?? leak vt. ? harmonious a. ???
37
Exercises
I. Answer the questions
1. Where are Xintan Ancient Residence
Complexes? 2. When were the ancient houses
firstly built and when were most ones made? 3.
How many levels at least is a set of the old
house on? 4. How do you do usually, if you want
to enter the formal room of an ordinary house? 5.
Why is it said that you would lose your way in
the house if you want to visit a richer family?
key
key
38
II. Decide the statements true or false
1. The complexes, which were joined together
taking their trends along the mountain.
( ) 2. The old houses with white walls and
dark gray tiles face the north leaning upon the
mountain. ( ) 3. The characteristics of the
old house still embody in using materials for the
building. ( ) 4. The timber for a supporting
pillar or a column always has a diameter of over
33 or 66 centimeters. ( ) 5. And the wooden
doors, windows and fences are partly of
first-rate quality, most of which are decorated
with various sculptures. ( )
key
39
III. Multiple choices
1. The ______ of outside wall are called Line
Brick by local people. It is only 2 centimeters
______, made by the yellow mud on the beach and
burnt by ______, whose color is light gray.
A. bricks, thick, firewood B. bricks,
long, coal C. firewood, wide, bricks
D. bricks, thick, coal 2. The house made of the
Line Bricks is ______ and not easy to ______
heat, so it is very ______ in summer. A.
solid, absorb, cool B. solid, send out,
warm C. weak, absorb, cool D. weak, get
in, solid, cold
key
40
3. The tiles on the old house are called Cun
Tile( 1 cun means ______ in China) by local
people. Cun Tile is so ______ that the roof
never leak rain even throughout decades and
hundreds years. A. 33 centimeters, soft
B. 3.3 centimeters, strong C. 3.3 meters,
smooth D. 0.3 meters, hard 4. It is such
over ______ houses row upon row that form an
ancient town, one of the few ______ residence
crowds. A. 100, traditional B.
1000, traditional C. 1000, modern
D. 100, ancient
key
41
5. The people adapted the working method to local
______, took flexible measures, and obtained raw
materials locally, which fully shows the ______
relationships between human beings and
architecture, or between buildings and nature.
A. harmonious, conditions, B. scenery,
poor C. conditions, harmonious D.
beautiful, scenery
key
42
Translation
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,????,?????????????,????????,????,?????
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43
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?????????,??????? ?????,??????????????,?
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44
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45
Passage 3
A Mystery,How to Build the Military
Stronghold Then
46
In March, 2004, the defence works 5 kilometers in
length built in Ming Dynasty, was discovered in
Yunyang County, Chongqing City, whose appearance
similar to the Great Wall. The grand ancient
military stronghold was constructed along the
peaks of Jincheng Mountain in Licao Village.
47
In the military stronghold there are some
structures like forts at beginning, ending and
middle defence walls. The distance between the
forts is about 1.5 kilometers, while the walls
are 5-7 meters high and 1.2 meters wide. On an
upper place of the middle wall, the words
Guchengzhai ( Solid Town Stronghold )can be read
distinctly now. There are 3 doors in the ancient
stronghold, and near a door some words on a stele
show that the military stronghold was constructed
in Ming Dynasty.
48
The towering Jincheng Mountain, over 1400 meters
above sea level, is very steep. But many parts of
the military stronghold are located on the steep
cliffs, and most stones, materials used for the
building, are about 500 kilogrames heavy.
Moreover, it is introduced by the local people
that there are not any such huge stones on
Jincheng Mountain at all. Therefore there are
some mysteries up to now. For example, how the
huge stones were moved to the peak, or how the
grand stronghold was built by the ancients and so
on. In short, the stronghold is one of
architectural miracles in the Three Gorges
district.
49
Notes
1. ??????????????????????,???????,???2000?????????
??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????,????,?????????????????
????????,????????
50
2. ?????????????????????????,?????????,???????????
???,?????,?????,???????????????????????????,??????
??,?????????,?????
51
New Words
moreover ad. ?? mystery n. ????? similar
a. ??? solid a. ??? stele n.
?? Stronghold n. ??,
??
ancients n. ?? defence n. ?? distance n.
?? distinctly ad. ??? fort n.
?? introduce v. ?? military a. ???
52
Exercises
I. Answer the questions
1. How long is the defence works? 2. How high and
how wide are the defence walls? 3. How does
the stronghold look like? 4. What is the exact
position of the stronghold? 5. When was the
military structure built?
key
53
II. Decide the statements true or false
1. The distance between the forts is about 1.5
kilometers. ( ) 2. The name of the works on
the upper place of the middle wall is distinct.
( ) 3. Some words on a stele near a door show
that the military stronghold was constructed in
Ming Dynasty. ( ) 4. People can explain
everything about the building. ( ) 5.
Guchengzhai means Soft Town Stronghold. ( )
key
54
III. Multiple choices
1. The towering Jincheng Mountain _______ over
1400 meters above sea level A. in
B. on C. by D.
at 2. People wonder how the _______ stones were
moved to the peak, or how the grand stronghold
was built by the _______. A. ancients, huge
B. huge, heavy C. ancients, machine
D. huge, ancients
key
55
3. The most stones, _______ used for the
building, are about 500 kilograms _______. A.
heavy, materials B. huge, heavy C.
materials, huge D. materials,
heavy 4. ________ there are some _______ up to
now about the works. A. Mysteries, therefore,
B. Thus, so that C. Therefore, hence
D. Therefore, mysteries 5. ________, it
is ________ by the local people that there are
not any such huge stones on Jincheng Mountain at
all. A. Introduced, moreover B.
Moreover, introduced C. Introduced, besides
D. Moreover, furthermore
key
56
Translation
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??????2004?3?,???????????????????????????
???????????????,????,?????5??, ?????
?????????????,???????????????????1.5??,????5?7?,
??1.2??????????????????????????????????3???,????
???????????????,????????
57
?????1400??,????????????????????????,?????
???????????????,?????????????????,????????????????
,????????????,???????????,?????????????????
58
Key to Unit 19
Passage 1
I. 1. Forty-five kilometers away from Zhong
County, in Chongqing City, Shibaozhai is on the
peak of isolated Yuying Hill rising steeply on
the north bank of the Yangtze River. 2.
Shibaozhai means Stone Treasure Village and
Yuying Hill means Jade Signet Hill.
59
3. Shibaozhai is regarded as one of the 8
architectural miracles in the world. It is a
unique tower with its special structural style
and skills in China, among the rare precious high
buildings of wooden structures in existence. It
is a typical local building, a symbol of folk
architectural technology in South China, and a
priceless treasure in the world.
60
4. People can reach the summit by stepping on the
winding stairs in the building. 5. Shibaozhai is
a red, wooden tower with 12 floors, leaning
against the cliff and facing the water. It is 56
meters high, and each floor retracts a little
having 3 sides with 4 eaves. It takes its
tendency along the hills shape. II. 1.T 2.F
3.T 4.T 5.F III. 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B
61
Passage 2
I. 1. Xintan Ancient Residence Complexes in Zigui
County are located on the two banks of the
Yangtze River in Xiling Gorge. 2. The ancient
houses were firstly built over 1600 years ago,
and most ones were made in Ming Dynasty or Qing
Dynasty. 3. A set of the old house is on three or
four different levels at least. 4. Usually, you
would pass stone stairs firstly, an archway and a
yard, then step on stone stairs again, go through
a gateway, move in a hall, get in a courtyard,
and walk on stone steps thirdly.
62
5. Because there are about three or four
courtyards, and everywhere are stone steps,
winding corridors.
II. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T III. 1. A 2. A
3. B 4. B 5. C
63
Passage 3
I. 1. The defence works is 5 kilometers long. 2.
The walls are 5--7 meters high and 1.2 meters
wide. 3. Its appearance is similar to the Great
Wall. 4. The stronghold was discovered along the
peaks of Jincheng Mountain in Licao Village, in
Yunyang County, Chongqing City. 5. The military
structure was built in Ming Dynasty. II. 1.T 2.T
3.T 4.F 5.F III. 1.D 2.D 3.D 4.D 5. B
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Thank You
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