The axial skeleton contains approximately __ bones, which include bones of the ___?

1
The axial skeleton contains approximately __
bones, which include bones of the ___?

1. 126/pelvic girdle and limb bones
2. 80/skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
3. 80/pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle
4. 2 and 3

2
Bones of the axial skeleton have all of the
following functions except _____?

1. Protect brain and spinal cord
2. Provide surface area for attachment of
   respiratory muscles
3. Contain medullary cavities with yellow bone
   marrow
4. Protect organs of the ventral body cavity

3
In which bone is the foramen magnum located?

1. Sphenoid
2. Occipital bone
3. Ethmoid
4. Parietal bone

4
Tomás suffers a blow to the skull that fractures
the right superior lateral surface of his
cranium. Which bone is fractured?

1. Frontal bone
2. Right temporal bone
3. Right parietal bone
4. Ethmoid

5
Which bone contains the depression called the
sella turcica? What is located in this
depression?

1. Sphenoid bone pituitary gland
2. Ethmoid olfactory epithelium
3. Temporal bone inner ear
4. Lacrimal bone tear apparatus

6
Which of these bones are paired bones of the face?

1. Temporal bones
2. Inferior nasal conchae
3. Parietal bones
4. 1 and 3

7
Which suture is not paired with the bones it
separates?

1. Lambdoidal/occipital and parietal bones
2. Squamous/temporal bone and sphenoid bone
3. Coronal/frontal from two parietal bones
4. Sagittal/parietal bones

8
Which bone contains the mental foramen and what
structures use that passageway?

1. Parietal/none
2. Occipital/hypoglossal nerves
3. Temporal/internal carotid artery
4. Mandible/mental nerves

9
The sphenoid bone contains all of the following
openings except?

1. Optic canals
2. Superior orbital fissures
3. External auditory meatus
4. Foramen ovale

10
The significance of the petrous part of the
temporal bone is that it serves as ___?

1. The housing for the auditory ossicles
2. A passageway for the jugular vein
3. Sites of attachment for muscles that move the
   mandible
4. The housing for the temporal sinuses

11
Several openings occur within the temporal bone
for the passage of structures. Which of the
following is correct?

1. Foramen magnum/medulla oblongata and hypoglossal
   canals/hypoglossal nerves
2. Hypoglossal canals/hypoglossal nerve and jugular
   foramen/glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory
   nerves
3. Foramen lacerum/small arteries and jugular
   foramen/jugular vein
4. Carotid canal/internal carotid artery and
   stylomastoid foramen/facial nerve

12
Which of the nasal conchae are part of the
ethmoid bone?

1. Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
2. Lateral and medial nasal conchae
3. Superior and middle nasal conchae
4. None of these is correct

13
Paranasal sinuses serve what purposes?

1. Lightening the skull bones and providing an
   extensive area of mucous epithelium
2. Pulling mucus back toward the throat
3. Providing the superior and posterior boundary of
   the nasal complex
4. Providing the lateral and inferior boundaries of
   the orbital complex

14
Which of these bones form parts of the orbital
complex and also contain paranasal sinuses?

1. Sphenoid, frontal, maxillary and lacrimal bones
2. Zygomatic, lacrimal, frontal and palatine bones
3. Palatine, temporal, ethmoid and zygomatic bones
4. Maxillary, sphenoid, frontal, and ethmoid bones

15
Which fontanelles disappear within a month or two
after birth?

1. Occipital, sphenoid, and mastoid
2. Metopic, frontal, and sagittal
3. Anterior, parietal, and occipital
4. Sphenoid, lambdoid, and mastoid

16
What is a consequence of early closure of one or
more sutures?

1. Distorted skull shape
2. Brain stops growing
3. Early death
4. Parents cannot see if their infant is dehydrated

17
Secondary curves of the spine are also called
______? The cervical curve ____ and the lumbar
curve ______?

1. Accommodation curves/is present at
   birth/accommodates abdominal viscera
2. Compensation curves/helps balance weight of
   head/balances weight over lower limbs
3. Compensation curves/decreases flexibility/allows
   for development of larger vertebrae
4. None of these is correct

18
Which structures form the vertebral arch of
vertebrae?

1. Superior and inferior articular processes
2. Pedicles and laminae
3. Transverse and spinous processes
4. Vertebral bodies and transverse foramina

19
When you run your finger along a persons spine,
what part of the vertebrae are you feeling just
beneath the skin?

1. Superior articular processes
2. Pedicles
3. Transverse processes
4. Spinous processes

20
Why does the vertebral column of an adult have
fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?

1. Vertebrae are absorbed as adult stature is
   reached.
2. Newborns require more support in the cervical
   region.
3. The sacrum and coccyx fuse post-puberty.
4. Vertebrae are formed that later become ribs.

21
Joe suffered a hairline fracture at the base of
the dens. Which bone is fractured, and where is
it located?

1. Second cervical vertebra posterior neck
2. First cervical vertebra posterior neck
3. Occipital bone posterior base of skull
4. Sacrum posterior pelvis

22
What feature distinguishes cervical vertebrae 26
from a thoracic or lumbar vertebra?

1. Bifid spinous processes
2. Spinous processes point inferiorly
3. Transverse foramina
4. 1 and 3 are correct.

23
Why are the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae so
large?

1. They develop first and therefore have longer to
   grow.
2. To provide more flexibility.
3. To distribute weight over a larger area.
4. To provide greater protection to the lumbar
   spinal nerves.

24
How could you distinguish between true ribs and
false ribs?

1. True ribs attach directly to the sternum by their
   own costal cartilage.
2. True ribs are entirely bony.
3. False ribs are not part of the thoracic cage.
4. True ribs are attached only to the sternum.

25
Improper administration of cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) can result in a fracture of
which bone(s)?

1. Cervical vertebra and ribs
2. Thoracic vertebra and ribs
3. Sternum and thoracic vertebra
4. Sternum and ribs

26
What are the main differences between
vertebrosternal and vertebrochondral ribs?

1. Vertebrosternal ribs attach to the sternum by
   their own costal cartilages.
2. Vertebrochondral ribs costal cartilage fuse and
   merge with cartilages from rib 7
3. Vertebrosternal ribs increase in curvature and
   length from 17.
4. All of the above are true.