Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

1
Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

• (Or How We Got To WWI)

2
Austria

• Dominant Nationality
• German speaking Austrians 1/5 of pop.
• Subject Nationalities
• Hungarians, Italians, Rumanians, Slavic Peoples
  (Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes)

3
Slavic Language Map
4
Nationalism

• Prince Metternich suppresses Nationalism
• Secret police, censorship, spies, arbitrary
  imprisonment, etc
• Revolutions rose in empire in 1848, Metternich
  fled
• 1849 Empire regains control
• Army remained loyal
• Divide and Rule set one nationality against
  another

5
Dual Monarchy

• Austrians needed help, so granted equal
  partnership to Hungarians
• Became Austria-Hungary
• Each had own Government
• Problems
• Slavic peoples gained nothing, still unhappy
• Hungarian domains even more oppressed

6
Austria-Hungary and WWI

• Serbian Nationalists become even more discontent
  when Serbia is created from Turkish empire, but
  they are still in Austria-Hungary
• Serbians assassinate heir to Austria-Hungary
  Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• AH declares war on Serbia hoping to crush threat
  to Dual Monarchy
• Devolves into WWI

Archduke Ferdinand and Wife Sophie minutes before
they are killed
7
Ottoman Empire

• Dominant Nationality Ottoman Turks
• Muslim
• Empire included parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe
• Turks were in Asia Minor and Constantinople
• Subject Nationalities
• Arabs in Middle East and North Africa (Muslim)
• Egyptians (Muslim)
• Balkans Southern Slavs, Albanians, Rumanians,
  Bulgarians, and Greeks (Greek Orthodox)

Ottoman Empire 1699
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Balkan Discontent

• Balkan people, inspired by nationalism, wanted
  independence
• Autocracy Power totally in hands of sultan
• Corruption taxes used privately
• Inefficient government
• Discrimination against Christians
• Cruelty against rebellious citizens

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Turkey loses the Balkans

• From 1815-1914, Balkans gained independence from
  the sick man of Europe
• Greek Revolution (1821-1829)
• recognized Greek independence
• Crimean War (1853-1856)
• Russia wanted Constantinople and Straits, Turkey
  won
• Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
• Russia declared war again, gained influence in
  Balkans

The powers waiting to divide the Turkey, which
Russia still pursues
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More Wars

• Congress of Berlin (1878)
• Austria-Hungary gains Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Britain gains Cyprus
• Serbia, Montenegro, and Rumania gain independence
• Bulgaria gains self-rule within Turkish empire
• Russia got some control in Balkans
• Shortly after this Turkey recognizes British
  control over Egypt
• Balkan Wars (1912-1913)
• 1st Balkan War Gr., Mont., Bul., Ser., defeat
  Turkey
• Agreed to form independent Albania
• (Austria forces this because they do not want
  Serbia to have an outlet to the sea and thus have
  more power)
• 2nd Balkan War
• Bulgaria battled former allies and Turkey
• Turkey only maintained Constantinople in Europe

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Young Turks

• 1908 nationalist Young Turks seize government
• Want modernization
• Write constitution, revitalize military
• Could not stop breakup of empire
• 1908 Bulgarian independence
• 1911-1912 defeated by Italy, forced to give up
  Tripoli (Libya)
• 1912-1913 Defeated by Balkan States
• 1914-1918 Joined German against Allies in WWI
  defeated again

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Dailies

• What country does the Ottoman Empire Become?
• Whos assassination begins WWI?
• What ethnic/ language group is most prevelant in
  the Balkans?
• 45 What two countries joined forces to become
  one?