434TH FA BDE ROE/ EOF

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434TH FA BDEROE/ EOF
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OVERVIEW

Definitions

Law of War

Rules for Use of Force

Escalation of force

Crowds

Detainees

Escalation of Force Vignettes
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DEFINITIONS

HOSTILE FORCES

You may engage
persons who commit hostile acts or show
hostile intent with the
minimum force
necessary to counter the hostile act or
demonstrated hostile intent and to protect
US Forces
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DEFINITIONS

HOSTILE ACT
-
An attack or other use of
force against US Forces or a use of force
that directly precludes/impedes the
mission/duties of US Forces.

HOSTILE INTENT

The threat of
imminent use of force against US Forces
or the threat of force to preclude/impede
the mission/duties of US Forces.
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LAW OF WAR
vs.
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT

LAW OF WAR
-
General legal obligations
or requirements for all military operations
worldwide.

RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
-
Mission
-
specific orders that ensure compliance
with the Law of War and provides a
framework for achieving national policy
goals.
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LAW OF WAR

You may use force, up to and including deadly
force, against hostile actors

Positive Identification is required

Do not target or strike

Civilians

Hospitals, mosques, churches, shrines, schools,
museums, national monuments, and any other
historical and cultural sites.

Do not engage anyone who has surrendered or
is out of the battle due to sickness or wounds

Secure the site, render medical aid, prioritize
treatment based on injuries, do not distinguish
based on nationality, enemy, soldier, or civilian.
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RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
Task
Employ Rules Of Engagement (ROE)
Conditions
Soldiers will be required to
understand their tactical authority and
obligation to protect the force.
Standards
Soldiers will be able to delineate
the circumstances and limitations under
which the United States forces initiate or
continue combat engagement with hostile
forces.
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RULES OF ENGAGEMENT

Nothing in these rules limits your
inherent authority and obligation
to take all necessary and
appropriate action to defend
yourself, your unit, and other US
Forces.

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ESCALATION OF
FORCE

EOF is defined as sequential actions which begin
with
non
-
lethal force measures and graduate to lethal
measures to include warning, disabling, or deadly
shots
in order to defeat a threat and protect the
force.

Defensive actions are defined as EOF procedures
that
terminate with successful employment of non
-
lethal
means (hand/arm signals, colored flags, spot
-
lights,
pyrotechnics, or any other available resource).

An EOF incident is defined as the employment of
lethal
force that results in weapons discharge, where
the
purpose or intent of the weapons discharge was to
warn
or employ in self
-
defense of an individual or unit.
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ESCALATION OF FORCE KEY CONCEPTS

• EOF is part of the planning process and must be
  rehearsed prior to conduct of operations.
• Unnecessary use of force can cause the perception
  of indiscriminate killing, causing unnecessary
  casualties and collateral damage, works against
  the goals of geo-political leadership and
  increases burdens on the unit in the form of
  morale, psychological and political attention.

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ESCALATION OF
FORCE
SHOUT

Verbal warning to STOP or

awgaf

.
Horn, Air horn, Loudspeaker, Flash/Bang
device, Siren.

SHOW
Your weapon and demonstrate
intent to use it.

SHOVE
Physically restrain, block access or
detain. Use lights, laser pointers, flares,
colored flags, signs
SHOOT

Warning, Disabling, Deadly
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RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
Rules of Use of Force

In
self defense


In
defense of your unit
, or
other US
Forces


To prevent the theft, damage, or
destruction of firearms, ammunition,
explosives, or property designated by your
commander as vital to national security
(protect other property with less than
deadly force).
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IF YOU MUST FIRE

Fire warning shots when necessary, aimed shots
in vicinity of threat

Disabling shots (tires, engine block, windows)

Fire no more rounds than necessary.

Fire with due regard for the safety of innocent
bystanders.

Take reasonable efforts not to destroy property.

Stop firing as soon as the situation permits.
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(No Transcript)
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CROWDS

Control civilian crowds, mobs, or rioters
interfering with US Forces with the
minimum necessary force.

Repeat warnings to STOP or

awgaf

.

Show of force, including riot control
formation.

Block access.
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DETAINEES

You may stop, detain, search, and disarm
persons as required to protect US Forces.

Detainees will be turned over to the
Military Police or Iraqi Police ASAP.

Treat all persons with respect and dignity.
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SITUATION 1

You and your squad are providing route security.
You see a boy with an AK
-
47 standing beside
the road. The boy is aiming the rifle directly at
you. What will the ROE allow you to do?
RESPONSE

Shoot to kill the boy with aimed shots. He is a
legitimate military target since he has committed
a hostile act that places you in immediate
danger. You may use necessary force, to
include deadly force, in self
-
defense. Report to
HQ.
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SITUATION 2

After your HMWVV passes under a pedestrian
overpass, you see a man throw a grenade at the
HMWVV behind you. The man takes off running.
It appears he is heading toward a nearby
neighborhood. What will the ROE allow you to
do?

RESPONSE
Shoot to kill. The man has committed a hostile
act. Deadly force is authorized to protect
yourself
and other soldiers. Fire aimed shots, and only
the
amount of rounds necessary to remove the threat.
Avoid collateral damage to the nearby
neighborhood, and report to HQ.
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SITUATION 3

You are traveling in a convoy when an RPG hits
the lead vehicle. About 100m away, you see a
man running for cover. He is carrying what
appears to be an RPG launcher. What will the
ROE allow you to do?

RESPONSE
Shoot to kill. The man has committed a hostile
act. Necessary force, including deadly force, is
authorized to remove an immediate threat of
death or serious bodily injury. Move the convoy
out of the kill zone. Render first aid as
necessary. Report to HQ.
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SITUATION 4

Your squad is providing security for a halted
convoy
at a rally point. A vehicle stops about 50m away.
Two
young men rush toward the convoy formation one
has an AK
-
47 pointed at the convoy. It appears the
men are trying to take the supplies. What will
the
ROE allow you to do?

RESPONSE
The men have shown hostile intent by threatening
immediate use of a weapon. You may use necessary
force, including deadly force, to remove the
threat.
Avoid collateral damage to innocent civilians and
property. Report to HQ.
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SITUATION 5

You and your squad are escorting a convoy of
humanitarian aid when you see a suspicious
vehicle on the west side of the road.

As you approach the vehicle, you see two males
throw two AK
47s into the vehicle
s trunk and
drive away. What will the ROE allow you to do?

RESPONSE
Do not fire. Although the ROE would allow you
to use non
lethal force to detain the men, you
should not abandon your primary mission to
provide convoy security. Record details about
the incident and report to HQ.
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SITUATION 6

You and your squad are escorting a convoy down a
crowded street. You see a person throwing small
rocks at the vehicle in front of you. The gunner
is hit
by a small rock. What will the ROE allow you to
do?
RESPONSE

Do not use deadly force since it is
disproportionate
to the threat (small rocks). If the convoy is
moving,
direct the gunner down into the vehicle and drive
quickly out of the area. However, if the convoy
is
stationary, pull security and attempt to detain
the
individual using non
-
deadly force.
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SITUATION 7

You are a TC. As your HMMWV travels up the
MSR, you see a man with an RPG slung over
his shoulder. What will the ROE allow you to do?
RESPONSE

You should initially train your weapon on the
man and shout,

STOP

or

awgaf

. Be prepared
to use deadly force if the man commits a hostile
act or displays hostile intent. Detain the man
and
seize the RPG. Report incident to HQ.
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SITUATION 8

You are a manning a traffic control point . A
truck
Speeds towards you not heeding signs or signals
to stop. What will the ROE allow you to do?
RESPONSE

You should initially train your weapon on the
truck and shout,

STOP

or

awgaf

. Be prepared
to fire debilitating shots to the vehicle or use
deadly
force against the driver if the vehicle still
refuses
to halt. If you can detain the driver for
questioning.
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SITUATION 9

You are manning an entry control point at a FOB.
An interpreter, familiar to you refuses to allow
you to search him. What will the ROE allow you
to do?
RESPONSE

You should physically search, restrain and detain

the man and turn him in for questioning. If the

the man fights you may use enough force to
detain him or protect yourself.
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SITUATION 10

You have been tasked to clear some media from
the area that you are operating in. They have
valid press passes but are becoming angry your
squad and one man pulls a pistol on you.
What is your response?

RESPONSE
The men have shown hostile intent by threatening
immediate use of a weapon. You may use necessary
force, including deadly force, to remove the
threat.
Avoid collateral damage to innocent civilians and
property. Report to HQ.
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SITUATION 11

• You are traveling in a convoy when a vehicle
  containing four military aged males is traveling
  alongside your vehicle and its occupants are
  taunting you. You notice a weapon inside the
  vehicle. What is your response?
• RESPONSE
• Demonstrate the capability to use lethal force
  by displaying your weapon and pull the vehicle
  over. Follow the units SOP and the ROE regarding
  armed civilians. Report to HQs. If the vehicle
  does not respond and or point their weapons,
  warning shots and deadly force is authorized.

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Questions?