TAKING OWNERSHIP OF YOUR DIABETES

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UNIT FOUR LESSON 10 Monitoring Blood Glucose
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Objectives

• At the end of the lesson, participants should be
  able to
• State the benefits of blood glucose monitoring
• Identify recommended blood glucose ranges for
  different periods of the day
• Identify causes for high and low blood glucose
• Choose to monitor their blood glucose daily
• Continue to set or revise goals that relate to
  managing their diabetes
• Describe feelings and experiences of living with
  diabetes
• Identify ways to modify everyday recipes to fit
  into the diabetes meal plan

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L-esson
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Monitoring Blood Glucose

• Lets you know your blood glucose level at the
  time of testing
• Monitoring is especially important if you
• Take insulin
• Notice blood glucose is very low or very high
• Have difficulty managing your blood glucose

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Benefits of MonitoringBlood Glucose

• Tells your blood glucose at the time of testing
• Shows if your blood glucose level is high, low,
  or within target range
• Helps you make appropriate changes in your daily
  habits
• Helps your doctor or health care team make
  changesto your treatment plan

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When Should You Monitor?

• Before meals or after a big snack

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When Should You Monitor?

• One to two hours after breakfast, lunch, and
  dinner (or an especially big snack)

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When Should You Monitor?

• Before you go to bed

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Monitor More Often When

• You are sick

• You are stressed

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Monitor More Often When

• You are taking a new medication that affects your
  blood glucose

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Monitor More Often When

• You change your physical activity pattern

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Monitor More Often When

• You change the amount of carbohydrates containing
  foods you eat each day

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Monitor More Often When

• Blood glucose level is consistently outside the
  range set by your doctor

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Monitor More Often When

• You have symptoms of high blood glucose

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Monitor More Often When

• You have symptoms of low blood glucose
• Palpitations
• Rapid heart rate
• Nervousness
• Sweating

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Monitor More Often When

• You have symptoms of low blood glucose
• Hunger
• Headache
• Sudden moodiness or behavior change
• Difficulty paying attention

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How to Treat Hypoglycemia

• Take a blood glucose reading

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How to Treat Hypoglycemia

• Take
• 3 to 4 glucose tablets
• ½ cup of juice or regular soda (not diet)
• 2 tablespoons raisins
• 1 cup milk
• 5 to 6 pieces of hard candy
• 1 tablespoon of sugar or honey

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How to Treat Hypoglycemia

• After 15 minutes, check your blood glucose again
• If its still too low, have another serving
• Repeat these steps until your blood glucose level
  is 70 mg/dL or higher
• If it will be an hour or more before your next
  meal, have a snack as well

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Important!

• If the signs of hypoglycemia do not improve after
  eating a snack or you are not able to take
  anything by mouth, contact an emergency number
  such as 911

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Blood Glucose Goals
Time Goal
Before you eat 70 to 130 mg/dL
2 hours after eating Less than 180 mg/dL
Bedtime 110 to 150 mg/dL
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What Is Needed to Monitor Blood Glucose

• Blood glucose meter or monitor
• Lancing device (tool used to get a drop of blood)
• Alcohol pads
• Soap and water to wash hands before testing

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How to MonitorBlood Glucose Levels

• Wash and dry your hands
• Insert the test strip into the meter
• Prick yourself with a sterile lancet to get a
  dropof blood
• Squeeze finger until the drop of blood forms(the
  amount of blood that is needed varies depending
  on the type of meter)

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How to MonitorBlood Glucose Levels

• Place the drop of blood on the test strip
• Place the strip in the meter and wait for your
  blood glucose number to appear.
• Record the number (test result) in your diabetes
  record book. Also include date, time, medication
  and dosage, what you ate, and exercise. Make a
  note about anything that was out of the ordinary.
• Dispose of the lancet and strip in a safe place.

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How to RecordBlood Glucose Results

• Keep track of your blood glucose levels in a
  journal
• Write down the blood glucose value each time you
  check
• Take note of everything that changed your blood
  glucose, such as eating too much or being sick

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How to RecordBlood Glucose Results

• Use the results to make changes in your diet and
  physical activity as needed
• Take your record to every health appointment
• Ask your doctor or health care team what you
  should do if your numbers are higher or lower
  than your goal level

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Changes inBlood Glucose Levels

• Causes of HIGH levels

• Causes of LOW levels

• Eating more than usual
• Exercising less than usual
• Taking certain medicines
• Not taking your diabetes medication
• Sickness
• Stress
• Eating foods high in glucose (sugar)

• Eating less than usual or delaying or skipping a
  meal
• Exercising more than usual
• Taking more insulin than needed
• Taking too much medication
• Drinking alcohol

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E-mpowerment

• Diabetes Education Series Monitoring Blood
  Glucose

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Diabetes Education Series

• Describe your experiences with monitoring blood
  glucose.
• What was most difficult for you?
• What are ways that you could overcome some of
  these difficulties?

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A-ction

• Did you accomplish the goal you set last week?
• Set a goal related to monitoring blood glucose

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R-eal-Life Problem Solving

• Annabelles Story

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Annabelles Story
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Questions aboutAnnabelles Story

• What is Annabelles problem?
• What can Annabelle do if her doctor tells her
  that her problem is not severe hypoglycemia ?
• What other information would you pass on to
  Annabelle about checking her blood glucose
  number?

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Questions aboutAnnabelles Story

• Please find the Real-Life Problem Solving handout
  for this lesson in your folder
• These questions will help with your understanding
  of Annabelles story

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N-utrition

• Menu
• Two-Cheese Pizza
• Spinach Dip with Vegetables

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See you next week!
Topic for the next week Foot Care You are in
controlwork at reaching your goal.
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Author Ingrid Adams, Ph.D., Assistant Professor , Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kentucky

• Date
• References

Other Contributors
Margaret E. Cook-Newell, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., CDE   Irene Hong-McAtee, MD, MCR Adrienne Glodt, B.S., Graduate Student   Laura Hieronymus, MSEd, APRN, BC-ADM, CDE   Cheryl Case, M.S., Harrison County   Ann Hollon, M.A., Wolfe County   Hazel Forsythe, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., CFCS   Stephen D. Perry, M.S., R.D., L.D.   Pam Sigler, M.S.   Lynn Blankenship, M.S., Metcalfe County   Theresa Scott, M.A., Floyd County   Tamara Thomas, M.S., Franklin County Rusty Manseau, B.A., Graphic Artist
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