GPS/GNSS??????2005 ???????

1
GPS/GNSS??????2005 ?????? Nov. 16, 2005
GPS/GNSS??????2005 ??????? GPS/GNSS?????
??????? ?? ??
2
Introduction

• GPS??????????????
• ???????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• (1)GPS????(GPS????GPS??)
• (2)????????(?????????????????)
• (3)???????(2???DGPS?RTK-GPS)
• (4)??????(DGPS?????ICAO SBAS/GBAS)
• (5)????(GPS?????)

3
(1)GPS????

• GPS???
• ?????????
• ???????????

4
GPS/GNSS??

• GPS(Global Positioning System?(?)????????)
• ?????????????????
• 1978????????1995???????(FOC)
• ??????????????????
• GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite
  System????????????)
• ICAO(????????)????????????????????????????
• ????? GPS/GLONASSSBAS/GBAS
• ?????GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/???????????

5
GPS????
GPS Block I
GPS Block IIR
GPS Block II/IIA
GPS Block IIF
6
GPS???
ICD (Interface Control Document)????? ???????
7
?????????

• 24??(6???????2?km)
• ???29??????
• ?????55????1158
• ????????(SPS)????
• L1(1575.42MHz)C/A???(1.023Mcps)
• ????????(PPS)??
• L2(1227.6MHz)P/Y???(10.23Mcps)
• ????????CDMA???
• ???PRN??(137)?????
• ???????(50bps)????
• 1978 Block I ??????
• 1989 Block II/IIA ???(SA????)
• 1997 Block IIR ???????Autonav
• 2005 Block IIR-M ??????(L2C)

8
???????????

• MCS 1???????MCS ??????????????
• Monitor Station(MS) 6?(??1??MCS?)
  L1/L2????????????
• Ground Antenna(GA) 4? ??????????

9
(2)????????

• ?????
• ????
• ???
• ???????

10
???????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????
• (??1) ????????????????
• (??2) ??????????????????????
• 10-9?(1ns0.3m???)????????????????

11
GPS?????
12
?????
13
??????????
14
?????

• ?????????????
• ????(r) ???(r) ??????(s)
• 1???????? s ?????

15
?????
16
?????DOP
17
???????
18
??????
?????? 2001?10?19?
19
??????????
??????????????????
20
??????????

• ??????????????????????
• ??(1)???????????(? ????)?
• ??(2)????????????? ???????(???gt4? ??)?
• ????????????15???????????510???????
• ????????????????????????????????

21
???????
22
????????
?????????(?????)
???????(???????????)
23
???????

• ???????????1500???(50bps?30?)???????????
• ??????13?????????????????????(????????)?30?????
  ??????????
• ??????45????GPS????????????????(????????)??????
  ??????????25??????????????????????????12.5?????

24
???

• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????(2002)????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????(?????)?????
• GPS??????(WGS)-84????
• ????????????????????????
• ???????????
• ???????WGS-84????
• ?????????????(2002?4?)?
• ????500m??????

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(3)???????

• 2?????
• ?????????GPS
• ????????
• RTK-GPS
• VRS-RTK
• ???????????GPS

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2?????

• GPS???????L1????????L2?????????
• P??????????Y??????????????P?????????????P?????????
  ???????????
• 2???????????????????????????????????(??????)??????

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2??????????

• L2?????????P/Y????????C/A?????????????????????????
  ??
• ?????L2??L1??6dB????????????????????????
• 2?????????????????????????????????

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?????????GPS

• GPS???????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????(???)????
• ?????????????????????

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?????????GPS???
1??2?????????????
???????????????(1??)
30
????????

• ?????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????(???)??????
• ???????????????(??????????)??????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????(??cm???)?
• ?????????

31
RTK-GPS

• RTK-GPS(Realtime Kinematic GPS)??????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????(????2.4k9.6kbps)
• ?????????GPS?????????RTCM-104?????????
• ???
• ????????????????????????????(?????????????????????
  )????????????
• ???????10km???????????? ???????RTK-GPS
• ????????????????????
• ????????????

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??????RTK(VRS-RTK)

• RTK-GPS?????10km??????????????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????RTK???????(????????)??10km100km????????????
  ?????
• ????????????????
• VRS(virtual reference station)??
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????
• ?????RTK-GPS???????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????

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???????????GPS

• ????????????GPS(????RTK-GPS???????RTK)????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????GPS(Wide-Area Differential
  GPSWADGPS)??
• ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????100?100bps???
• ????????1001000km???????????
• ??????????????????????
• ???SBAS(???????????????WAAS???MSAS)

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???????????GPS
35
(4)??????

• DGPS????
• FM??DGPS
• SBAS/WAAS/MSAS
• GBAS
• ???????

36
??????

• ??????(GPS/GLONASS)???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????(augmentation system)???????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????
• (1) ?????????????????
• (2) ???????????????
• (3) ????????????????????????
• ?????????GPS???????????
• ?????????GPS???????????
• ?????????????FM??????

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??????DGPS
(?????)

• ??????????DGPS???????????????
• ??????RTCM-SC104????????ITU-R M.823-1????????????
• ??????????????????????DGPS?????
• ????????????NDGPS(Nationwide DGPS)???????

38
???????

• ???????????
• ????27????????????
• ?????????????
• 24???????
• ?????????????
• ?????????????(??????????)

(?????HP??)
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FM??DGPS

• FM?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????(GPex)?1997???????7????????JFN???41?
  ?
• ????????????m?
• DARC???????????????????????5??1???????????????OK?
• ???????????????????
• TV???FM??????????????????????????????

(??????????)
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WAAS/SBAS??

• ICAO(????????)?????????????????GPS???????????
• ??(??)????????????
• ??????????????????
• GPS????????????????????????????????
• ??/????SBAS
• ??WAAS 2003?7???????
• ??EGNOS 2005?7?????????
• ??MSAS MTSAT-1R?????????
• ???CWAAS WAAS??????????
• ???GAGAN ????

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WAAS???
42
??/????SBAS
43
ICAO GNSS
SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System
??????????????? GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation
System ???????????????? ABAS Airborne-Based
Augmentation System ?????????????
44
GBAS??
(FAA)

• ?????????????????????
• VHF????????????????31.5kbps???????????????????????
  ????????????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????
• ???LAAS????????

45
?SBAS???

• ??WAAS2000?8???????????2003?7?????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????POR(PRN134)??????
• CWAAS(Canadian WAAS)????????
• ??EGNOSESTB(EGNOS System Test Bed)?????2000??????
  ???????7?????????
• ???????????IOR(PRN131)????
• ??MSAS1???????????????????
• ?????2???????????????
• ???GAGAN2?????????????????

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SBAS???

• ????????????(???)????????
• ??????????(??????????10-7)???????????????????????
  ????????????? 10-7 ???
• ???????????????????????????

???????????

• ????????????????????
• ?????????????GPS????????????????????????????????
  ??

???????????
(????DGPS?????)

• ???????????????(???)????????
• SBAS????GPS?????????????????????????????????

????
47
??????(WAAS)
????(RMS0.730m)
????(RMS0.827m)
2004?5?79? WAAS _at_Goldstone (IGS gold)
48
?????????

• ???(integrity)?????????????????????GPS???????????
  ??????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????????????????(safety-of-life
  application)???
• ????(?????)???????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????
• GPS?????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• GPS???????????????
• ????????????????????????????(MSAS)?

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???????

• 2004?1?2?(JST)????PRN23????????????10km????
• 3????????PRN23????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ? ????????????????????

50
?????????

• ??????????
• GPS???????????????????????
• GPS?????????health(????)?????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ???ON/OFF?????????????????????????????????(???)??
  ??????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????(?????)????????
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ???????????10-7??????

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??????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????
• ????????
• ??????????

52
??????????(WAAS)
????????????(HPL)
??????
????????????(VPL)
??????
53
??????????????

• ???????????(???107 )?
• ????HPL?????VPL
• PL?????(Alert Limit)?????
• ALltPL?????????
• ????????AL??????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????

???????????
54
WAAS??????
55
(5)????

• GPS?????
• GLONASS
• Galileo
• ICAO SBAS(MSAS)
• ?????????

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GPS?????

• SA??(2000?5?)
• Block IIR-M(2005)???????(L21227.6MHz)
• ???ARNS????????????????
• ?????????
• IOC 2008?FOC 2010
• Block IIF(2007)???????(L51176.45MHz)
• Safety-of-Life Application?OK(??????)
• ???DME(9601215MHz)??????
• IOC 2012?FOC 2014
• Block III(2013)????GPS?L1C?????
• MS??NIMA????(6?)
• MCS??Alternate MCS(??????)

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GLONASS???

• 24??(3??????19100km)
• ???14?????????3?
• ?????65????1115
• L1(15921610MHz)SP???(0.511MHz)
• L2(12391254MHz)HP???(5.11MHz)
• FDMA?????????
• SA???????
• GLONASS-M ???SP????L2???????7??2003
• GLONASS-K 3?????10????2008
• GLONASS-KM 2015?
• ???L3?(11641215MHz?)??????(GLONASS-K)
• 2008????18????201011???24??????

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Galileo???

• 1999??EU????????????????
• 30??(3??????23600km)
• ???????????
• OS(Open Service) GPS SPS??????
• CS(Commercial Service) ?????????????
• SoL(Safety-of-Life Service) ??????
• PRS(Public Regulated Service) ??????
• E1(1589.5MHz)E2(1561MHz) OS/CS/SoL/PRS
• E6(12601300MHz) CS/PRS
• E5a(1176MHz)E5b(1201.5MHz) OS/SoL/CS(E5b)
• 2005??????2008 IOV(?????)?2010 FOC(????)

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ICAO SBAS

• ??WAAS????
• 2003?7?????????????????OK?
• ?????????????
• 2008??FOC???????????????????????????????????????
• ??EGNOS??????
• 2005?7?????????
• 2006?IOC?2008?FOC????
• ??MSAS????
• 1???????????????????
• ?????2??????????2007???????

60
?????????

• 8?????????????????????????????????
• 3???????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• 2008??????????????
• ????GPS???????L1C(L1C/A)?????(??????GPS???????)?
• ????SBAS????????????(L1-SAIF)?
• ???????????????(S????)

61
Conclusion

• GPS/GNSS???????????????????
• 30????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ????????????????????????
• ???WAAS????GPS??????????
• ???Galileo??????????????????????
• ???MSAS???????????
• ??????????????????2008??????????
• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????