Cpt 7 Chemical formulas

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Cpt 7 Chemical formulas
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Guided Reading, pages 164-170

• What is a chemical symbol? 
• Why do they use them?
• What is the format for a chemical symbol?
• What do you call an atom that has become
  electrically charged?
• There are two types of ions cations and anions.
  
• What is the difference between them?
• Which type looses electrons?
• Which type gains electrons?
• What is formed when an anion bonds with a cation?
• What is the difference between monatomic and
  polyatomic ions. Give examples.
• What is the difference between chemical formulas
  and structural formulas? Give examples.
• What is a diatomic molecule? List the 7
  diatomic gases.
• Define oxidation number.
• What is the difference between ionic compounds
  and molecules? Explain in detail with examples.

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Names, Formulas and Charges of Common Ions
Oxidation numbers of Common Monatomic and
Polyatomic Ions cations (positive ions)
Positive Ions (Cations) Positive Ions (Cations) Positive Ions (Cations) Positive Ions (Cations) Positive Ions (Cations) Positive Ions (Cations) Positive Ions (Cations) Positive Ions (Cations)
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
Ammonium NH4 Barium Ba2 Aluminum Al3 Tin(IV) Sn4
Cesium Cs Calcium Ca2 Antimony(III) Sb3 (Stannic)
Copper(I) Cu Chromium Cr2 Arsenic(III) As3 Lead(IV) Pb4
(Cuprous) Cobalt Co2 Bismuth(III) Bi3 (Plumbic)
Francium Fr Copper(II) Cu2 Boron B3 Manganese(IV) Mn4
Gold Au (Cupric) Chromium(III) Cr3
Hydrogen H Iron(II) Fe2 Cobalt(III) Co3
Lithium Li (Ferrous) Iron(III) Fe3
Potassium K Lead(II) Pb2 (Ferric)
Rubidium Rb (Plumbus) Titanium(III) Ti3
Silver Ag Magnesium Mg2
Manganese(II) Mn2
Mercury(I) Hg22 5 5
(Mercurous) Antimony(V) Sb5
Mercury(II) Hg2 Arsenic(V) As5
(Mercuric) Bismuth(V) Bi5
Nickel(II) Ni2
Tin(II) Sn2
(Stannous)
Zinc Zn2
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Oxidation numbers of Common Monatomic and
Polyatomic Ions Anions (a negative ion)
Negative Ions (Anions) Negative Ions (Anions) Negative Ions (Anions) Negative Ions (Anions) Negative Ions (Anions) Negative Ions (Anions) Negative Ions (Anions) Negative Ions (Anions)
1- 1- 2- 2- 3- 3- 4- 4-
Acetate C2H3O2- Carbonate CO32- Arsenate AsO43- Ferrocyanide Fe(CN)64-
Bromate BrO3- Chromate CrO42- Borate BO33- (Hexacyanoferrate(II)) (Hexacyanoferrate(II))
Bromide Br- Dichromate Cr2O72- Nitride N3- Silicate SiO44-
Chlorate ClO3- Hydrogen-phosphate HPO42- Phosphate PO43-
Chloride Cl- (Biphosphate) Phosphite PO33-
Cyanide ClO2- Oxalate C2O42- Phosphide P43-
Dihydrogen Oxide O2-
phosphate H2PO4- Peroxide O22-
Fluoride F- Sulfate SO42- Rules for Writing Chemical Formulae Rules for Writing Chemical Formulae Rules for Writing Chemical Formulae Rules for Writing Chemical Formulae
Hydride H- Sulfide S2- RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Bicarbonate HCO3- Sulfite SO32- RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Hydrogen Thiosulfate S2O32- RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
oxalate HC2O4- RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Hydrogen RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
sulfate HSO4- RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Hydrogen RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
sulfide HS- Some Common Acids Some Common Acids RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Hydrogen RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
sulfite HSO3- Acetic HC2H3O2 RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Hydroxide Carbonic H2CO3 RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Hypochlorite ClO- Hydrochloric HCl RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Iodide I- Hydrobromic HBr RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Nitrate NO3- Hydrofluoric HF RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Nitrite NO2- Nitric HNO3 RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Perchlorate ClO4- Phosphoric H3PO4 RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Permanganate MnO4- Sulfuric H2SO4 RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
Thiocyanate SCN- RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced. RULE 1 The resulting formula for a compound must have a total net charge of zero (0). RULE 2 Write the positive ion first and cross the valences. RULE 3 Do not cross any signs, and dont write any signs in the formula. RULE 4 Dont cross any ones. RULE 5 If both valences are the same, dont cross them. RULE 6 More than one atom, more than one time, use parentheses. RULE 7 If the final answer has subscripts that can be reduced, they must be reduced.
5

• Formulas and Names of Binary Metal-Nonmetal
  Compounds
• The name of the metal is first (ie NaCl, sodium
  chloride)
• The name of the nonmetal has -ide added (ie NaCl
  sodium chloride)
• IF the metal has more than one possible charge
• You must indicate which ion using the charge in
  roman numerals (ie FeCl2 Iron (II) chloride).
• More examples showing the two different systems

Compound Name
FeF2 iron (II) fluoride
FeF3 iron (III)fluoride
Hg2Br2 mercury (I) bromide
HgBr2 mercury (II) bromide
6

• Formulas and Names of Binary Nonmetal-Nonmetal
  Compounds
• Systematic Nomenclature
• For names start with element to the left side on
  the periodic table
• add -ide to the second element
• use Greek prefixes for number of atoms mono, di,
  tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
• Example
• CO carbon monoxide
• CO2 carbon dioxide
• N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide

Formula Systematic Name
NO nitrogen monoxide
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
7

• Polyatomic Compounds.
• Naming compounds with polyatomic ions
• Positive charge species on left (using common
  name)
• Negative charge species on right (using name of
  polyatomic ion)
• In the formula use parentheses if a subscript is
  needed

Formula Ions Name
BaSO4 Ba2 and SO42- barium sulfate
Ca(NO3)2 Ca2 and NO31- calcium nitrate
Ca(NO2)2 Ca2 and NO21- calcium nitrite
Fe(NO3)2 Fe2 and NO31- iron (II) nitrate
8
Acids Have their own set of rules (we do them in
Cpt 23). For now know HCl Hydrochloric
Acid HNO3 Nitric Acid H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid
9
Naming Organic Compounds

• carbon compounds that exist as molecules
• We will focus on Hydrocarbons - Simplest group
  of organic compounds made of only H and C.
• Carbon atoms can link in chains,branches, or
  rings.
• Eg

10
Rules for naming Hydrocarbons

• Count carbon atoms shown and find the prefix for
  it.
• 1 C meth 6 hex
• 2 eth 7 hept
• 3 prop 8 oct
• 4 but 9 non
• 5 pent 10 dec
• Add a suffix to show how the carbon atoms link to
  each other. For now we only use ane.

11

• Methane CH4 H
• H C H
• H
• Ethane C2H6
• 
  - C C
• H C x 2 2

12
More examples

• C C
• C C
• is cyclobutane
• If its a cycloalkane H C x 2
• Do Page 178 13 and 14.

13
Molecular and Empirical Formulas

• Molecular Formulas- used for compounds that
  exist as molecules
• Used for carbon compounds, 2 nonmetals together,
  or a nonmetal with Hydrogen
• shows the actual number of atoms of each element
  making up a molecule. (Often the subscripts are
  not in lowest terms).
• E.g. H20 and H2O2 and NO2 and C2H6
  and CH4

14
Molecular and Empirical Formulas, continued

• Empirical Formulas used to show most ionic
  compounds.
• Formula is given in the simplest ratio between
  the atoms present in the compound (this means
  subscripts are in lowest terms)
• e.g. Al2(SO4)3 BaCl2

15

• What is the empirical formula for C2H8?
• A chemical formula is also called a formula unit.
• Coefficients used to show the number of formula
  units that you want to represent
• 3 H2O means you want 3 formula units of
  water.
• Do page 180 15-16