Laboratories and The New Energy Culture1

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Laboratories and The New Energy Culture
Paul Graham Manager, GHD Flack Kurtz September
2002
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Overview

• Initiatives
• Case Studies
• CSIRO Energy Centre Newcastle
• University of California Santa Barbara
• Pomona College LA
• Outcomes
• Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts
• Financial Impacts

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Initiatives

• Energy Sourcing
• Building Design
• Siting massing orientation and building fabric
• HVAC
• Holistic view
• Direct Digital Control
• Stakeholder Issues

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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Project Team

• Client - CSIRO Corporate Property for CSIRO
  Energy Technology Division
• Architect - Cox Richardson

Consulting Engineers Building Services,
Advanced Technology, Sustainable Design GHD
Flack Kurtz and Flack Kurtz San Francisco
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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Energy Sourcing Embedded Generation System

• 3 small wind turbines of 20 kW
• 1 medium wind turbine of 100 kW
• 140 kWp of building-integrated photo-voltaic cell
  arrays
• 2 microturbines of 60 kW
• 1000 kW battery
• 4 small fuel cells of around 25 kW (future)
• Total capacity 520 kW
• Also, heat recovery and absorption chiller
  (future)

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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Energy Sourcing System Evaluation Criteria

• Ability to minimize CO2 emissions
• Ability to integrate the technology
• Deliverability of technology
• Public perception of CSIRO initiative
• Level of support from industry
• Ability to accept further technology

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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Energy Conservation - Building Energy Optimization

• Establish baseline energy model
• Reduce envelope impacts
• Integrate climate opportunities
• Reduce internal equipment loads
• Define user environment
• Create a modular and flexible facility
• Optimize building services design

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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Energy Conservation - Integrate Natural Climate
Opportunities

• Understand annual climate data, temperature,
  wind, etc
• Use natural ventilation wherever possible
• Utilize daily temperature cycles through thermal
  mass
• Utilize passive solar options and shading
• Optimum orientation of buildings N or NNW
  facing
• Natural light to all functional spaces, optimize
  glazing
• Light shelves on north walls of offices and
  laboratories
• Sun-shading of north walls of offices and
  laboratories

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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Energy Conservation Building Services
Initiatives

• HVAC
• Dual air system with corridor make-up
• Variable speed fans to fume cupboards plus all
  other variable flow air and water systems
• 100 outside air with heat recovery and indirect
  evaporative cooling
• Heat recovery by direct recirculation where
  possible
• High efficiency motors
• Building heating plus process and domestic hot
  water using heat recovered from site energy
  generation

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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Energy Conservation Building Services
Initiatives

• HVAC Cont
• Modularity and on/off control to each laboratory
• Under-floor office air conditioning system with
  mixed-mode controls
• Operable windows for offices and thermal chimneys
  to create natural ventilation
• Electrical
• Lighting control daylight and occupancy sensing
  with automatic on/off control wherever possible
• Energy Star office equipment

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CSIRO Energy Centre, Newcastle, NSW
Energy Management BMS/EMS

• Supervisory control data acquisition for site
  generation
• Sophisticated Building Management System to match
  physical systems
• Central computer control for integration of all
  components
• Effective integration of systems
• Energy auditing of actual and planned performance
• Public display of generation performance for all
  components

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CSIRO Energy Centre Energy Management System EMS
Wind
Inverter Systems
PV
Main Switchboard
Buildings
BMS
Grid
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CSIRO Energy Centre Energy Management System EMS
Wind
Inverter Systems
PV
Main Switchboard
Buildings
BMS
Grid
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CSIRO Energy Centre Energy Management System EMS
Wind
Inverter Systems
PV
Main Switchboard
Fuel cells Microturbines
Buildings
BMS
Grid
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CSIRO Energy Centre Energy Management System EMS
Battery Storage
Wind
Inverter Systems
Inverter
PV
Main Switchboard
Fuel cells Microturbines
Buildings
BMS
Grid
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CSIRO Energy Centre Energy Management System EMS
Battery Storage
Wind
Inverter Systems
Inverter
PV
Main Switchboard
Fuel cells Microturbines
Buildings
Energy Management System EMS Electrical Safety,
Power Flow, Display, Auditing
BMS
Grid
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CSIRO Energy Centre Energy Management System EMS
Battery Storage
Wind
Inverter Systems
Inverter
PV
Main Switchboard
Fuel cells Microturbines Heat Recovery
Buildings
Energy Management System EMS Electrical Safety,
Power Flow, Display, Auditing
BMS
Grid
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University of California, Santa Barbara
Project Team

• Client UCSB Donald Bren School
• Architect - Zimmer Gunsul Frasca
  Partnership/Brasker LA
• Consulting Engineers - Building energy analysis
  and Building Services Flack Kurtz San Francisco

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University of California, Santa Barbara
Features

• Platinum LEED Rating
• 200kW fuel cell
• Energy use 30 below California Title 24 reqts
• Laboratory Exhausts
• Office Natural Ventilation
• High efficiency equipment
• Efficient lighting strategies

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University of California, Santa Barbara
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Pomona College, LA
Project Team

• Client - Pomona College
• Architect - Bauer and Wiley

• Consulting Engineers Building energy analysis
  and Building Services
• Flack Kurtz San Francisco

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Pomona College, LA
Features (abridged)

• Silver LEED Rating
• Heat recovery and indirect evaporative cooling
• Photovoltaic arrays

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Pomona College, LA
Heat Recovery and Indirect Evaporative Cooling

• Flack Kurtz Inc.

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Pomona College, LA
Heat recovery and IEC effect
Flack Kurtz Inc.
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Pomona College, LA
Summary
Flack Kurtz Inc.
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Outcomes

• Greenhouse gas emission reductions up to 60
• Financial Impacts
• Building design initiatives are effective on a
  Life Cycle Cost per kWhr basis
• Embedded generation additional cents/kWhr
  relatively low
• Capital costs from 1 of developed cost to make
  an appreciable difference up to 10 of developed
  cost for implementation of all technologies
• Financials are improving rapidly

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