William Shakespeare (his life and times)

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William Shakespeare(his life and times)
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1485-1625THE RENAISSANCEELIZABETHAN ERA

• A time of rebirth for the arts and literature
• Named for Queen Elizabeth I
• Politics and religion were intertwined
• Age of Exploration
• Age of Discovery

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Elizabethan Era continuedBANN

• A notice of intended marriage
• A legal, binding contract
• Therefore, 1 in 3 brides are pregnant on their
  wedding day.

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The Elizabethan Era Bad Times

• 1 Killer Bubonic Plague
• Nearly half of all babies born died of disease,
  infection, or poor diet. Over 20 of those who
  survived died before reaching adulthood.
• And Yet London, 1563 population 93,000
• London, 1605 population
  224,000

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Which is Surprising because

• Toothbrushes wont be invented for another
  century.
• People rarely bathed.
• Many people have stomach pains and sores all over
  their bodies.

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• Children had to work as soon as they were big
  enough (6)
• Ditches are public toilets
• Butchers throw dead carcasses into the streets
• Doctors primary methods of care leeches and
  amputations
• 10,000 homeless people wandered the streets of
  London

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Working for the Weekend

• Theatre
• Bear and bull baiting
• Cockfighting
• Brawling and rioting
• Witching burning
• Public executions

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William Shakespeare

• Born April 23, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon,
  England.

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Parents

• Father John glove maker, wool merchant, and
  High Bailiff mayor died 1601
• Mother Mary Arden, daughter of a successful
  farmer died 1608
• 3rd of 8 children
• First born son

Shakespeares birthplace in Stratford-upon-Avon h
ttp//www.aboutbritain.com/ShakespearesBirthplace.
htm
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Education

• Began at about age 5
• Stratford grammar school
• Long days 6 a.m.-530 p.m.
• Year-round school (except major holidays)

Shakespeares School Room, King Edward VI School
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Marriage Rock the Cradle of Love

• He married Anne Hathaway on Nov. 1582.
• He was 18 she was 26 and pregnant

Anne Hathaways Cottage http//www.onlineshakespea
re.com/hathaway.htm
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Children

• Susanna born May 26, 1583 married Dr. John Hall
  in 1607 had one child Elizabeth died 1649
• Hamnet a twin born February 2, 1585 died at age
  11 and buried on August 11, 1596
• Judith a twin born February 2, 1585 married
  Thomas Quiney and had 3 children (none lived to
  be older than 21) died 1662

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The Lost Years1585-1592

• There is no documented record of Shakespeares
• activities from the birth of the twins until
  1592.
• Theories
• forced to flee Stratford to escape prosecution
  for poaching deer
• Soldier
• Sailor
• studied law
• studied medicine
• worked as an apprentice actor/writer

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The Theater In 1592, we the first documented
evidence of Shakespeares rise to prominence in
the London theatre

• He was an actor and a playwright
• Part owner of the acting company he wrote for,
  Lord Chamberlains Men
• LCsM renamed Kings Men after James was king in
  1603
• He became rich from acting company rather than
  sale of plays

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The Globe

• First opened in 1599
• Destroyed by fire in 1613
• Rebuilt in 1614
• Demolished by the Puritans in 1640s
• Reopened in 1997

today
1614 reconstruction
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More on The Globe

• It accommodated an audience of about 3000 people
  from all social classes.
• The Globe was open to the sky.
• The groundlings stood on the three sides of the
  raised stage.
• Richer people paid extra money for seats.
• The stage is 40 feet across and 27 feet deep.
• Scenery was minimal.
• Women were forbidden from acting in public.

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Plays, Sonnets, and More

• 37 plays comedy, history, tragedy
• Over 150 sonnets
• 2 lengthy narrative poems
• Comedy History Tragedy
• Alls Well That Ends Well Henry IV, pt 1 Antony
  and Cleopatra
• As You Like It Henry IV, pt 2 Coriolanus
• The Comedy of Errors Henry V Hamlet
• Cymbeline Henry VI, pt 1 Julius Caesar
• Loves Labours Lost Henry VI, pt 2 King Lear
• Measure for Measure Henry VI, pt 3 Macbeth
• The Merry Wives of Windsor Henry VIII Othello
• The Merchant of Venice King John Romeo and
  Juliet
• A Midsummer Nights Dream Richard II Timon of
  Athens
• Much Ado About Nothing Richard III Titus
  Andronicus
• Pericles, Prince of Tyre
• Taming of the Shrew
• The Tempest
• Troilus and Cressida
• Twelfth Night

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Our Language, Thanks to Shakespeare

• Words that first appeared in his plays
• Admirable attorney bedroom
• Distasteful fashionable frugal
• Laughable mimic successful
• Phrases
• at one fell swoop or sick at heart
• Sentences
• all the worlds a stage
• to thine own self be true
• the course of true love never did run smooth

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More Words and Phrases . . .

• Of the 17,677 words that Shakespeare used in all
  of his plays and sonnets, he was the first to use
  over 1,700 of them. He wrote many of the words
  and phrases that we consider clichés today.
  Which of the following words and phrases do you
  think Shakespeare coined?
• Heartsick Heart of gold
• One fell swoop Long-haired
• Naked truth Foregone conclusion
• Break the ice Its Greek to me
• Hot-blooded Eat out of house and home
• Leapfrog Too much of a good thing
• Fancy-free Wear ones hear on ones sleeve
• Live-long day The milk of human kindness

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Even More Words and Phrases

• Some of the words we write and speak today in the
  English language many not have come into use
  without Shakespeare. The following is a list of
  some of the words he was first to write
• gnarled frugal bump
• countless lonely eventful
• dwindle radiance control
• laughable misplaced impartial
• amazement obscene generous
• hurry road critic

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His Gravesite

• Died April 23, 1616 of unknown causes
• Shakespeare is buried at Church of the Holy
  Trinity in Stratford
• An inscription on his tombstone reads
• Good friend, for Jesus sake forbeare
  To digg the dust enclosed here! Blese be y
  man that spares thes stones And curst be he
  that moves my bones.

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Stratford Today
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Williams Will

• Dated March 25, 1616
• 10 pounds to the poor of Stratford
• Money to 3 actors of his company
• 150 pounds to Judith (another 150 pounds 3 years
  later)
• Most to his daughter Susanna
• Wife, Anne, afterthought, Item, I give unto my
  wife my second best bed with the furniture

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Miscellaneous Notes

• Romeo and Juliet is based on a poem.
• The play takes place in the 14th century in
  Verona, Italy.
• Most marriages during this time were arranged.
• Marriages took place at a younger age.
• Romantic love was recognized as a powerful force,
  but society did not generally view it as the
  basis of a sound marriage.

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Drama Terms

• Aside A comment by a character onstage that is
  intended to be heard by the audience, but not by
  other characters.
• Foreshadowing Hints to the audience of what will
  happen later.
• Monologue A lengthy speech addressed to other
  characters on the stage, not to the audience.
• Soliloquy A relatively long speech in which the
  character talks to the audience or to no one in
  particular, expressing the characters innermost
  thoughts or providing background information for
  the audience.

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Couplet Two consecutive lines that rhyme FoilA
foil is a person who contrasts with another
character in order to highlight various features
of the main character's personality
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Be familiar with

• Imagery
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Dramatic Irony

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On a piece of binder paper, agree or disagree
with the following statements

• I believe in love at first sight.
• My parents know more about love and relationships
  than I do.
• I would be willing to die for a friend.
• Sometimes it is necessary to disobey your
  parents.
• Older people are more prejudiced than young
  people.
• There is never a good reason to kill someone.
• You shouldnt fight your friends fights.
• What do you know or think you know about the
  play Romeo and Juliet?

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Ongoing assignment for Romeo and Juliet

• 19 page Studyguide worth 60 points.

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First Folio

• Written by John Heminges Henry Condell (actors)
• Published in 1623
• 36 of his plays included (18 for the first time)
• to keep the memory of so worthy a friend and
  fellow alive

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1. Please open your books to page 769. Read
Literary Analysis and Reading Strategy.2. In
your notebook, paraphrase the Prologue on 771.
3. Preview Act I for possible reading parts.