AP: THE 13 COLONIES

1
AP THE 13 COLONIES

• MARYLAND TO GEORGIA

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THE BRITISH

• 1. ENGLISH EXPLORATION
• John Cabot--1496
• 2. COLONIAL INTEREST ENGLAND CHALLENGES SPAIN
  (MOTIVES) QE I.
• 3. EARLY ATTEMPTS AT COLONIZATION ALL FAILED.
• 4. WAR WITH SPAIN
• Spanish Armada 1588
• 5. TYPE OF PEOPLE THAT WERE INVOLVED IN THE
  COLONIZATION OF AMERICA
• Monarchy--Mercantilism
• Merchantsjoint-stock companies East India Tea
  Company 1600
• Commoners Enclosure Movement 1500s
• 6. ENGLISH COLONIES (proprietary, charter,
  royal)
• 1606 Virginia Company of London proprietary
  charter from King James I
• Dec. 25, 1606, 120 settlers left England on 3
  ships.

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• 
  
  
• 
  5.
• 
  
  4. 3.
• .
  6. 7.
• 
  . 8.
• 
  10
• 
  11
• 12
• 13..

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17
1
15
2.
16
9.
14
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JAMESTOWN

• Location of the settlement and orders
• Problems
• John Smiths Rule
• 1609 Charter Revised
• Governor to rule Jamestown from Jamestown Lord
  De La Warr
• Sold more shares in London Company
• Company Servants
• 1609-1611Starving Time
• Thomas Dale 1611
• TobaccoJohn Rolfe
• 1618 Head-right System and Representative Govt.
• Head right
• Indentured servants
• House of Burgesses
• Introduction of African Slavery
• Massacre of 1622
• Charter revoked 1624Royal Colony

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JAMESTOWN AGAINST ALL ODDS
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THE PILGRIMS (PLIMOUTH)

• Their story
• Dissenters
• Reactionaries
• Radicals
• 1619Company Servants
• 1620 Mayflower
• Mayflower Compact
• Plymouth Colony struggled.
• Settled in Nov., Squanto, disease, but good
  relations with the Indians and hard work allowed
  them to survive.
• Thanksgiving Day

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THE PURITANS

• 1. Religious reformers interested in purifying
  the Church of England of Catholic ritual.
• 2. Generally upper class with a high degree of
  political efficacy. As a result by the late 1620s
  had become a powerful voice in Parliament.
  Forced the King to sign the English Petition of
  Right.
• But in the 16- teens and early 1620s were
  persecuted against.
• 1628 Massachusetts Bay Co. created. Granted a
  self-governing charter. Create a society that
  the rest of the world will look up the city on
  the hill.
• Left in 1630
• 11 ship convoy
• 1,000 settlers
• 1 year of supplies
• Government organization
• Commonwealth theocracy led by John Winthrop.
• Legislature General Court, made up of 100
  stockholders (freeman)

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• COVENANT THEOLOGY
• Covenant of Works-
• When man was created God promised that man would
  never die but Adam broke Gods covenantall men
  fell from grace and could receive damnation.
• To help mankind achieve salvation--Moral Codes
  were created.
• Which led to National Covenantthe destiny of
  nation was based on the actions of the people.
  Gods grace shed on those places that obeyed
  Gods Covenant.
• Covenant of Grace-
• By Gods good grace, a chosen elect would be
  saved.
• Based on this Covenant Theology, Massachusetts
  society was devoted to the common welfare for the
  good of all.
• 1631 several communities around Boston.
• 1641 15-20,000 had settled in Massachusetts Bay
  and had absorbed Plymouth.
• NEW ENGLAND SOCIETY
• Hard work Protestant work ethic
• Fear of God
• TradeLumber, grain, shipbuilding, fishing

BOSTON
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NEW ENGLAND COLONIES CT., RI, NH

• Education 1. De Luder Satan Laws
• 2. Harvard
  University
• Puritan dissent 1. Puritan intolerance
  and beliefs
• Economy 1. farming
• 2. fishing
• 3. trade
  (triangular trade routes)
• CONNECTICUT
• 1. Rev. Thomas
  Hooker 1636 Hartford
• 2. Fundamental
  Orders
• RHODE ISLAND
• 1. Roger
  Williams 1636 Providence
• 2. Anne
  Hutchinson 1638 Portsmouth
• 3. 1644
  chartered by Kingself-governing
• NEW HAMPSHIRE
• 1. Rev. John
  Wheelwright 1638

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THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC COLONIES

• MARYLAND
• 1. Proprietary Colony
• 2. George
  Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
• 3. Inherited
  by son Cecilius
• 4. Refuge for
  Catholics
• 5. First
  settlers arrive in 1634
• a.
  Close to Va.
• b. Did
  not have to wait for supplies
• 
  from England.
• C.
  Tobacco grew well there.
• 6. Tried to
  rule as a feudal estate but did
  work.
  Land ownership allowed.
• 7. By 1640
  elected assembly created.
• 8.
  1640Puritans outnumbered Catholics
• 9.
  1644Toleration Act passed.
• 10. Until 1670s
  relied on indentured servants.

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RESTORATION COLONIES

• ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642-1649
• 1.
  Puritans v. Royalists
• 2.
  Interregnum Period 1649-1659
• 
  Oliver Cromwell ruled.
• RESTORATION 1660
• 1.
  King Charles II put on the throne.
• 2.
  Payment for that debtcolonies
• RESTORATION COLONIES
• CAROLINA
• 
  1. 1663 Proprietary Charter to the 8
• 
  Lords Proprietors.
• 
  George Carteret, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, John
• 
  Colleton, William Berkeley,
  John Berkeley, George
• 
  Monck, Edward Hyde, William,
  Earl of Craven

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• 
  2. Sea to Sea grant.
• 
  3. Fundamental Constitutions
• 
  John Locke, James Harrington
• 
  4. 1670 Charles Towne
• 
  5. Economytrade with West
  Indies, rice, tobacco,
  deerskins,
• 
  6. 1719 rebellion in NC
• 
  7. 1729 NC-SC split-- Royal
  
  Colony
• NEW YORK
• 1. Dutch War
  The Nutmeg War
• 2. 1664,
  Eng. sent4 warships to New Amsterdam
• 3. Dutch
  influences today
• 4. James,
  Duke of York, Proprietor.
• 5.
  Government Dukes Laws
• 
  Absolute Government.
• 6. Gov.
  Edmund Andros forced
  Dutch settlers to take
  oath.
• 7. 1683
  Charter of Liberties

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• NEW JERSEY
• 1.
  1665--Duke of York granted estate to
• 
  John Berkeley and George Carteret.
• 2. To
  sell the land they promised
• 
  - religious freedom
• 
  - elected assembly
• 
  - political freedom and
• 
  - cheap land
• 3.
  1674, Berkeley sold his half to
  
  Quakers.
• 4.
  1680, Carteret sold his to Quakers.
• 5.
  1702 Chartered as New Jersey
• QUAKER RELIGION GEORGE FOX 1600s
• BELIEFS

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RESTORATION COLONIES CONTINUED

• PENNSYLVANIA
• 1. 1681
  King Charles II-charter-to William
  Pennpay off debt for
  Penns father.
• Penn
  was a Quaker.
• 2.
  Colony based on Quaker beliefs.
• 
  Experiment in Holy Christian Living
• 3.
  Freedom of religion for all Christians
• 4.
  Self-government unicameral assembly.
• 5. First
  settlementPhiladelphia City of
• 
  Brotherly Love
• 6.
  Bought land from the Indians and tried to
  treat them with
  fairness.
• 7.
  Advertised the colony throughout Northern
• Europe.
  Attracted many Germans.
• 
  Pennsylvania DutchMennonites (Amish)
• 8.
  Economyshipping, wood products,
  farming

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• DELAWARE
• 1. 1704
  broke from Pa.
• 2. Not
  Quaker.
• 3. Raised
  tobacco.
• GEORGIA
• 1. James
  Oglethorpetrustee for a colony of
  debtors. 1733 subsidized by
  the King.
• 2. Serve
  as a buffer zone between
  Spanish
  Florida and the Carolinas.
• 3. First
  settlementSavannah
• 4.
  Settlers50 acres, tools and
  supplies.
• 5.
  Mulberry trees (silk) and olive trees.
• 6.
  Alcohol, lawyers and slavery
  forbidden.
• 7. 1752
  Royal Colony

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COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

• Because of the distance between England and the
  American colonies, England adopted the policy of
  salutary neglect.
• As a result the colonies were left to govern
  themselves.
• Colonies created governments based on English
  tradition.
• Limited Government (Magna Carta, Petition of
  Right and English Bill of Rights)--John
  Lockenatural rights and social contract theory.
• Parliament
• Every colony had a governor.
• In self-governing colonies they were elected.
• In all other colonies they appointed by the King.
• Every colony by 1740 had a colonial legislature.
  Most all were bicameral. (Pa. was the
  exception).
• Assemblyelected by the landowners. Made
  colonial laws, appropriated money, passed local
  tax laws and paid the governors salary.
• Council members were chosen by the governor or
  King, gave advice to governor.
• COLONIAL WOMEN
• By law and custom women were considered 2nd class
  citizens.
• They were technically under the control of their
  husband or father.
• In America they did have more opportunities than
  women in England.
• Under some circumstances they could operate
  businesses and own property.

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COMPARISON OF COLONIAL REGIONS

• NEW ENGLAND
  MIDDLE ATLANTIC SOUTHERN
• 
  (Chesapeake)
• RELIGION Puritan
  Quaker, Anglican, Catholic
  Anglican
• EDUCATION Public schools
  English tutors
  Tutors
• ECONOMY Fishing, farming, trade
  Tobacco, grain crops, trade Cash
  crops, fur
• MAJOR CITIES Boston, Newport
  New York, Philadelphia
  Charleston
• POLITICAL landowners, elders,
  landowners, Young men landowner,
  Young men
• POWER Merchant class
  Tidewater tobacco farmers
  Plantation owners
• TRANSPORTATION Roads
  Rivers
  Rivers
• THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND GREAT AWAKENING
  (1600s-1780s)
• EnlightenmentEra of scientific discovery,
  political change and humanistic beliefs.
• John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques Rousseau,
  Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin.
• Great Awakening period of religious revival.
  Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield,