????( A. Einstein )

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????( A. Einstein )
???? ????? ????
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1905??????????1916?????????????????????????,?1921?
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????? The Special Theory of Relativity
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5.1 ??????? relativity principle of
mechanics ??????? space-time view of classical
mechanics
?????????(???Galileo?????)
?????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????
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? ? ? inertia system ??????????,??????,??????
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???????(Galilean transformation)
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1 ? ??????
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2?????
(x, y ,z ,t )
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????? (Galilean transformation)
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3???????????
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1? ?????????????????
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2? ?????????????????
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3???????????
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??????????????????????,???????,??????????
?????????? ??????????,????????????????
???????????? absolute space-time view
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5.2 ?????????? postulate of special relativity
??????? Lorentz coordinate transformations
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1) 19????????????????c ????
??????u ?????????????? c ?
2) Maxwell ???????????? ???????????????,????-?
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??????????????? ????,???????????????????????(??)
, ???! ????,??????????????????
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?? ??
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1905?26??????,?????????,????????,?????????????
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??????????????????Einsteins two basic postulates
of special relativity
1.??????????? ???????,?????????,?????????????
??????????????????? 2.??????
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???????????
1?Einstein ?????? ? Newton?????
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??????????(?????)
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2??????????????????????,??????????,???????????????
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(???)
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3?????,?????????? ??????????????,?????????
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4??????????????
??????? Lorentz transformation
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???
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????? (Lorentz transformation)
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?v ltltc ?,? (v /c) ? 0 , ??
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5.3 ????????? Velocity transform of
relativity
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5.4 ???????? space-time view of special
relativity
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S?
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1??????
?????S?,????x1?x2????????
2?????
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????????????????,?????????????,????????--------???
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3?????????(????),????????
u??????S???? u?c , v?c ? ?t'?? ?t ??
????????????,?????,?????????,???????????
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??????? time dilation (?????? )
???????,?????????????????? ------???(??)?0
????S ???v ?????? S'??????
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?????? length contraction (????)
1.??(????)
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2.? S'??? v ??S???,?? ??????, S'???????? l'
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??1?????
??2?????
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??????
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(1)?????????????
(2)??v?c????????????. ???? ?
????? (3)????????????????,????????????????????
?,?????????????????????, ????
??????????????,????????????????????,??????????????
????????,?????????? (4)??????,S'??????S???????,???
???,S??????S'????????,??????
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(5)??????????????v???,????????????????
(6)???????
??1959?????????? ?????????,?????,????,???????
??????????????(???)
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?5-1 ? K ??????????????????,???
??????????2s,?????K ???? K ?
????????????????3s?????, ?? K
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?
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?5-2 ?????????x??????????????????????x16?104m ,
y1z10 , t12 ?10-4 s x212 ?104m, y2z20,
t21 ?10-4 s,,???????????????t ??,?1
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2 ??????????????????
?1 ??????????v ,??????
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2 ??????
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?5-3 ??????0.80c ??????????, ??????????????????,??
???????0.90c ? ??????,???????
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?5-4 ?????????v 0.95c ????????????,?????????????
???????10min,????????????????????
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????????????????????32.01min,????????????
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