Chapter 5 - What is Culture? Study Guide Review

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Chapter 5 - What is Culture?Study Guide Review

• Pages 66-79

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20 Terms to Know

• 1. Culture ? is a reflection of who and what we
  
• are. It refers to everything
  connected
• with the way humans live in
  groups.
• 2. Anthropologists ? social scientists who study
• human cultural
  characteristics.
• 3. Cultural Diversity ? variety and differences
• among cultures.

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• 4. Physical Needs ? human needs for items
• and conditions that sustain life such
  as water,
• clothing and shelter.
• 5. Emotional Needs ? human needs for
• conditions such as friendship, love and
  a sense
• of belonging.
• 6. Values ? ideas, beliefs and ways of behaving
• that are valuable/important to the
  people of a
• certain culture.

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• 7. Material Culture ? the physical object that
• are produced/used by a society.
• 8. Non-Material Culture ? elements of culture
  that are not physical, including spoken language,
  religious beliefs and values.
• 9. Traditions ? customs, beliefs, stories that
  are passed down from one generation to the next.

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• 10. Popular Culture ? Culture shared by many
  groups in Western society and around the world,
  examples include Brand-name clothing and popular
  music.
• 11. Traditional Culture ? culture passed down
  from one generation to the next.
• 12. Rites ? ceremonies that are part of a
  traditional culture.

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• 13. Bannock ? Scottish oatcakes/sausage
• (page 71 Celtic
  Culture in Cape Breton)
• 14. Microcosm ? a miniature model (p. 76)
• 15. Socialization ? the process of learning
  behavior that is suitable in your culture.

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• 16. Institutions ? organizations with social,
  educational and religious purposes.
• 17. Formal Groups ? organized groups that
  contribute to a culture. (ex. Hockey team)
• 18. Informal Groups ? groups of people who meet
  casually for a common purpose.

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• 19. Contributing Culture ? cultures of groups
  within a society that are distinct from the
  mainstream but contribute to and enrich the
  mainstream.
• 20. Mainstream Culture ? The general culture of
  the majority of the people.

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20 Questions Study Guide

• 1. Name the 5 aspects of every culture. (p.67)
• A. Physical Environment
• B. History
• C. Social Life
• D. Economic Life
• E. Political Life

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• 2. What does Culture include? (p. 67)
• Culture includes all the ways people respond to
  their physical environment, economic life, social
  life and their political life. Culture also
  includes arts and entertainment as well as
  behaviors, beliefs and various organizations.
• 3. Is there a difference between cultural
  acquisitions and inherited traits? (p. 68)
• Although culture is transmitted from one
  generation to the next, it is separate from the
  genetic transmitting of traits. For instance, you
  may have inherited the fact that you are tall,
  but this is not a cultural characteristic.
  However, the style of clothes you wear would be
  largely influenced by your culture.

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• 4. Who was George Murdock? (p.68)
• George Murdock was an American anthropologist
  that compiled a list of common characteristics
  that he found in every culture all over the
  world. (Ex Art, Education, Sports)
• 5. What are two types of needs? (p. 70)
• Two types of needs are, your physical needs,
  (such as food, clothing, shelter) and your
  emotional needs (such as the need for friendship,
  love and belonging).

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• 6. Explain the difference between material and
  non-material culture. Give 5 examples of each.
• Material culture is the physical object that
  are produced/used by a society. Examples include,
  money, books, clothes, homes and food.
  Non-Material culture are elements of culture that
  are not physical, including spoken language,
  religious beliefs and values.

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• 7. How can our visual material culture lead to
  stereotyping?
• Visual material culture can lead us to
  stereotype people because we may decide to
  judge/form opinions about a person based on the
  style of clothing they wear, the type of music
  they listen to or other visible material they may
  use/have.

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• 8. What is North Americas oldest continuing
  sport?
• The St. Johns Royal Newfoundland Regatta is
  Newfoundlands oldest continuing sport.

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• 9. Give four examples of popular culture.
• (p. 73)
• Four examples of popular culture would be
• a) brand-name clothing (Guess, Nike)
• b) popular television shows (reality shows)
• c) sports stars (David Beckham)
• d) popular music (Brittany Spears/Madonna)

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• 10. How is popular culture spread? (p.73)
• (Know 3 ways)
• Popular culture is spread mainly through the
  use of technology. It spreads through the mass
  media including T.V. radio, internet, fax
  machines and by phone.
• It can also be spread by newspaper, books
  and movies.

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• 11. Where does most of the popular culture shared
  by people all over the world come from? (p.
  72-73)
• Most of the popular culture that is spread around
  the world originates from groups in Western
  world.

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• 12. What cultural elements has Canada exported to
  the USA and the rest of the world? (p. 73)
• Canada and the USA have exported things such as
• Most of the television shows people
• watch,
• Music people listen to,
• Magazines people read.

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• 13a) MacDonalds Restaurant is an example of what
  type of culture?
• b) How many countries have McDonald Restaurants?
  (p. 73)
• MacDonalds Restaurants are an example of
  Popular culture.
• There are over 100 countries that have
  MacDonald Restaurants.

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• 14. Figure 5.10 How does popular culture depend
  on each of the factors listed? (p. 73)
• If an item is considered to be in demand by the
  public (example Pico-Pico cola) then the Mass
  production will need to produce many cans of this
  cola, there will need to be many delivery drivers
  (mass distribution) along with many
  advertisements (T.V. radio, billboard) and more
  and more people will buy the product (mass
  consumption).

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• 15. How do we learn the behavior suitable to our
  culture?
• We learn the behavior suitable to our culture
  through a process called socialization.
  Socialization is the interaction of people
  together in groups.
• There are 8 agents of socialization.

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• 16. Name the agents of socialization at work in
  our lives?
• There are eight agents of socialization, they
  include
• 1. Family
• 2. Schools
• 3. Peer groups
• 4. Clubs/Teams
• 5. Community
• 6. Government
• 7. Religious Groups
• 8. Mass Media

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• Figure 5-12. Why are sports figures powerful
  agents of socialization?
• Sports figures are powerful agents of
  socialization because they are often role models
  for young people. Teens may value their team
  efforts/behaviors and incorporate these
  behaviors/values into their own lives when they
  socialize within their own peer groups.

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• 18. Identify the factors that can contribute to
  your school culture. (Remember we have learned 8
  agents of socialization).
• Factors that can contribute to our school culture
  may include both formal and informal group
  activity. Formal groups may include hockey teams,
  cheerleading teams, student leadership group and
  various clubs such as the breakfast club.
• Informal groups may involve a group of students
  meeting up after school to play a game of
  basketball, skateboard etc.

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• 19. What are three methods for resolving
  conflicts? (p. 77)
• Three ways to resolve conflicts are
• A. Dialogue ? discussion of ideas.
• B. Problem Solving ? identifying a possible
• 
  solution.
• C. Mediation ? settling a dispute two other
• parties in a
  friendly manner.

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• Can a person have more than one culture at a
  time? If so, what are they and how do they define
  our lives? (p. 78)
• You can have more than one culture at a time. For
  instance, you can be an Irish Catholic urban
  Newfoundlander. This can define our lives because
  it gives us a sense of who we are by identifying
  our personal history and our values and beliefs.