The Muscular System

1
The Muscular System
2
Muscle System Functions

• Provides voluntary movement of body
• Enables breathing, blinking, and smiling
• Allows you to hop, skip, jump, or do push-ups
• Maintains posture
• Produces heat

3
Functions Continued

• Causes heart beat
• Directs circulation of blood
• Regulates blood pressure
• Sends blood to different areas of the body

4
Functions Continued

• Provides movement of internal organs
• Moves food through digestive tract
• Enables bladder control
• Causes involuntary actions
• Reflex actions
• Adjusts opening of pupils
• Causes hair to stand on end ( )

5
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
Skeletal

• Is made up of contractile fibers
• Provides movement
• Controlled by the nervous system
• Voluntary- consciously controlled
• Involuntary- not under conscious control
• Examples
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac

Cardiac
Smooth
6
Types of Muscle Tissue

• There are three main types of muscle tissue
• Skeletal(striated)
• Cardiac(heart)
• Smooth(visceral)

7
Comparison of Muscle Types






Muscle Type
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal
Walls of internal organs in skin
Attached to bone
Heart
Location
Movement of bone
Movement of internal organs
Beating of heart
Function
Control Mode
Involuntary
Involuntary
Voluntary
Shape
Striated- light and dark bandsMany nuclei
StriatedOne or two nuclei
Non-striatedOne nucleus(visceral)
Characteristics
8
Location of Muscles

• SkeletalMuscles
• Anterior view

9
Locationof Muscles

• SkeletalMuscles
• Posteriorview

10
Muscle Movement
fixed

• Muscles originate on a _____bone in our body,
  cross over a ______, and insert onto a ______
  bone.
• It is important to understand that all muscles
  move from the ________
  point going toward the
  __________ point.

joint
moving
insertion
origination

• It is because of the placement of the muscles
  that we can move.

11
Muscle Movement

• Tendons
• attach _________ to bone
• are inelastic
• dont stretch when the force of the muscle acts
  on them
• When muscle contracts, it pulls on the _______
• Individual muscles can only ____ in ____
  direction
• Muscles work in opposing ______

muscle
bone
pull
one
pairs
12
Muscle Movement

• ______- Muscle that bends the joint when
  contracted.
• ________- Muscle that straightens the joint when
  contracted.
• __________ muscleis short, firm, tight and
  thicker around.
• _______ muscle is stretched, long, loose and
  thinner around.

Flexor
Extensor
Contracted
Relaxed
13
Muscle Movement

• When the biceps in the arm contracts the triceps
  ________ causing ________ of the arm.
• When the triceps in the arm _________ the biceps
  relaxes causing ____________ of the arm.

relaxes
bending
contracts
straightening

• ______ of muscles are needed because the only
  active _________ of a muscle is to _______, to
  lengthen it must be _________ by the action of an
  opposing _______.

Pairs
movement
contract
stretched
muscle
14
Muscle Bone Interaction

• Lets review the structures involved in
  movement at a joint.

A

• Ligament
• Tendon
• Cartilage
• Body (Belly)
• Origin
• Insertion
• Contracted muscle
• Relaxed muscle
• Flexor
• Extensor

D
C
G
E
D
C
B
F
B
F
15
?????????(???,? 11 ?)the extensor in the
movement of the forearm ???????? (biceps), ??
(extensor), ??? (opposing muscles)
                                                  
                                              
????(????????)
16
Chicken wing dissection video link
http//blip.tv/file/421508
17
Tendon
18
Ligament
19
Cartilage
20
Bone marrow
21

1. Phalanges
2. Manus (hand)
3. Alula (thumb)
4. Metacarpals
5. Carpal joint (wrist)

F. Ulna G. Radius H. "Elbow I.  Humerus J.
"Shoulder" joint
http//www.unit5.org/villhauer/Biology/Power20Poi
nts/The20Muscle20System.ppt