The Start of the Civil War

1
The Start of the Civil War
2
Secession! SC? Dec. 20, 1860
3
Fort Sumter Lead Up

• Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint
  branches, arsenals, and military posts.
• Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston,
  SC.

4
Fort Sumter The Dilemma

• Confederate forces asked for its surrender.
• Lincoln 2 choices
• Force way to reinforce Ft.
• Evacuate Ft.
• Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.
• Jefferson Davis 2 choices
• Do nothing
• Attack

5
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861

• Confederate cannons began firing on April 12,
  1861. 
• Fort Sumter in 34 hours.
• The Civil War began

6
The Next Wave of Secession

• Lincoln called for 75,000 troops
• VA not willing to fight other Southern states,
  seceded.
• WV created by counties who disagreed
• NC, AK, and TN followed
• MD, DE, KY, and MO did not secede, but many in
  state had secessionist sentiments

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Rating the North South
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Slave/Free States Population, 1861
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Railroad Lines, 1860
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Resources North South
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Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
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The Union Confederacy in 1861
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Secession! Post Fort Sumter
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Overview of Northern Advantages

• Larger population
• North 22 million
• South Only 9 million
• More ships
• Larger, more efficient railroad system
• Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated
• More industry - 81 of nations factories
• Better banking system to raise for the war
• 75 of nations wealth

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Overview of Northern Advantages

• Wealth produced
• Factory production
• Textile goods produced
• Iron production
• Coal production
• Farm acreage
• Draft animals
• Livestock
• Wheat production
• Corn production

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Overview of Northern Disadvantages

• Fought on Southern lands
• Divided support for the war
• Many believed the South had good chance of winning

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Overview of Southern Advantages

• Fighting a defensive war
• Local support of all men
• familiarity with terrain
• Motivation seeking independence, unified support
• Short communication lines/ friendly population
• Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson,
  Pickett)
• Cotton - necessary for textile factories of
  England and France
• Slave Labor in the early part of the war

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Overview of Southern Disadvantages

• Smaller population
• Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies
• Poor transportation system
• Weak federal government not strong enough to
  control Southern states
• Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like
  Lincoln

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OverviewNorthsCivil WarStrategy AnacondaPl
an
Goal surround the Confederacy and squeeze them
into submission
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The Anaconda Plan

• Capture Richmond and force surrender
• Expel Confederates from border states
• Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the
  transport of
• soldiers
• Weapons
• Ammunition
• Clothes
• Food
• other supplies needed
• Blockade southern ports to stop
• cotton shipments
• supplies from foreign nations

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Southern Strategy

• Goal to be recognized as an independent nation
  in order to preserve their way of life
• Defend its homeland, holding onto as much
  territory as possible until the North got tired
  of fighting
• Capture Washington, D.C.
• Control border states
• Gain England's support
• Expel Union troops from South