CLASSICAL ART

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CLASSICAL ART
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Cycladic

• Cycladic art is the art and sculpture of the
  ancient Cycladic civilization, existing in the
  islands of the Aegean Sea from 3300 - 2000 BCE.
  Art mainly manifested itself in the form of
  marble idols, often used as offerings to the
  dead. Idols possessed a flat, geometric quality,
  giving them a striking resemblance to today's
  modern art. A majority of the figurines are
  female, depicted nude, and with arms folded
  across the stomach. It is unknown whether these
  idols depict a goddess, or merely Cycladic women.

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Daedalic/Daedelic Style

• figurative sculpture attributed by later Greeks
  to the legendary Greek artist Daedalus
• associated with Bronze Age Crete and early
  Archaic sculpture in Greece.
• Daedalic sculpture displays Eastern
  (Orientalizing) influences
• wiglike hair, large eyes, and prominent nose the
  female body is flatly geometric formless drapery.
  
• The style was used in figurines, on clay plaques,
  and in relief decoration on vases.

Lady of Auxerre 650 - 625 BC
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Korai

• Kore (Greek - ???? - maiden plural korai) is the
  name given to a type of ancient Greek sculpture
  of the Archaic period
• show the restrained archaic smile
• unlike the nude kouroi - korai are depicted in
  thick drapery, ornate and (in painted examples)
  very colorful and often have elaborate braided
  hairdos

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Korai

• Some of the hair styles of the statues are quite
  Egyptian and Minoan in style and often resembling
  the hairstyle of the Gorgon
• often have a much more relaxed and natural
  posture, sometimes with an extended arm
• Some were painted, with colourful drapery and
  their skin having a natural coloring

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Peplos Kore

• Peplophoros

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Moschophoros
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Kritios Boy
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Meniskos

• (Greek µ???s???, plural Meniskoi, meaning
  crescent moon)
• Since many Greek statues were displayed outside,
  the meniskos served the simple purpose of
  preventing bird droppings from accumulating on
  the statue.

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Gorgoneion

• stone head, engraving or drawing of a Gorgon
  face, often with snakes protruding wildly and
  tongue sticking out between the fangs

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Polykleitos

• Polykleitos (the Elder)
• Greek sculptor in bronze of the fifth
• He was of the school of Argos
• a contemporary of Phidias
• Known for his use of contrapposto

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Polykleitos

• works Doryphoros (or spear-carrier), Diadumenos
  (diadem-bearer), and Discophoros (disc-bearer DO
  NOT CONFUSE WITH Discobolus), gold/ivory statue
  of Hera in Heraion of Argos temple

Doryphoros The Cannon
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Doryphoros

• Known as the Spear-Bearer and the Canon
• displays Contrapposto (standing with most of its
  weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms
  twist off-axis from the hips and legs)
• example of the "canon" or "rule", showing the
  perfectly harmonious and balanced proportions
• original bronze statue lost
• the surviving (Roman) marble copies a marble
  tree stump is added to support the weight of the
  marble

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Canon

• Beauty, Chrysippos believes, inheres... in the
  commensurability of the parts, such as that of
  finger to finger, and all these to the palm and
  wrist, and of these to the forearm, and of the
  forearm to the upper arm, and of everything to
  everything else, just as it is written in the
  "Canon" of Polykleitos. For having taught us in
  that treatise all the commensurate proportions of
  the body, Polykleitos made a work to support his
  account he made a statue according to the tenets
  of his writing, and called it, like the treatise,
  the "Canon".
• --Galen

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Praxiteles

• was the most renowned of the Attic sculptors of
  the 4th century BC
• the first to sculpt the nude female form in a
  life-size statue

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Skopas

• Scopas or Skopas (S??pa?) (c.395 BC-350 BC) was a
  sculptor and architect
• born on the island of Paros.
• worked with Praxiteles
• he sculpted parts of the Mausoleum of
  Halicarnassus,
• led the building of the new temple of Athena at
  Tegea.
• successor of Polykleitos
• Figures tend to have deeply sunken eyes and a
  slightly opened mouth

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Lysippos

• Greek sculptor of the 4th century BC
• Considered with Lysippos, Skopas and Praxiteles
  to be the three great sculptors of the Classical
  Greek era, who brought a transition into the
  Hellenistic era
• Successor of Polykleitos
• During his life Lysippos was the personal
  sculptor of Alexander the Great

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Ludovisi Ares
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Lysippos

• born at Sikyon around 390 BC
• worker in bronze in his youth, he taught himself
  the art of sculpture, later becoming head of the
  school of Argos and Sikyon
• Works attributed to him are the so-called Horses
  of Saint Mark Eros Stringing the Bow, Agias, the
  similar Oil pourer, the Farnese Herakles, and The
  Scraper

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Apoxyomenos

• Also known as the "Scraper
• athlete, caught in the familiar act of scraping
  sweat and dust from his body with the small
  curved instrument that the Romans called a
  strigil.
• The bronze original lost
• represented by the Pentelic marble copy in the
  Museo Pio-Clementino in Rome, discovered in 1849
  Q
• known, in part from its description in Pliny the
  Elder's Natural History,
• Roman general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa installed
  Lysippos's masterpiece in the Baths of Agrippa
  that he erected in Rome, around 20 BCE
• the emperor Tiberius had it removed to his
  bedroom. However an uproar in the theatre, "Give
  us back our Apoxyomenos", shamed the emperor into
  replacing it.

• the "Scraper")

the "Scraper")
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Lysippos

• Pliny the Elder says he produced 1500 works (in
  bronze)
• His pupil, Chares of Lindos (constructed the
  Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven ancient
  wonders of the world)

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Parthenon
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Kanephoros

• "Basket Bearer", also known as Canephorae
• honorific office given to unmarried young women
  in ancient Greece (privilege of leading the
  procession to sacrifice at festivals)
• the highest honour was to lead the pompe at the
  Panathenaic Festival
• role was given to a virgin selected from amongst
  the aristocratic or Eupatrid families of Athens
  whose purity and youth was thought essential to
  ensure a successful sacrifice
• Her task was to carry a basket (kanoun), which
  contained the offering of barley or first fruits,
  the sacrificial knife and fillets to decorate the
  bull in procession through the city up to the
  altar on the acropolis

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Caryatids

• sculpted female figure serving as an
  architectural support taking the place of a
  column or a pillar supporting an entablature on
  her head
• Classical examples include the treasuries of
  Delphi and the Erectheion

Caryatid from the Erechtheions Porch of the
Maidens
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Ganosis
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Pantheon

• (Latin Pantheon, from Greek ????e?? Pantheon,
  meaning "Temple of all the gods")
• in Rome
• originally built as a temple to the seven major
  gods of

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Pantheon

• Architect uncertain
• largely credited to Trajan's architect
  Apollodorus of Damascus
• rumored that the emperor Hadrian had a hand in
  the design
• Christian church since 7th century

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Panthenon History

• After the Battle of Actium (31 BC), Agrippa built
  and dedicated the original Pantheon during his
  third consulship (27 BC)
• Agrippa's Pantheon was destroyed along with other
  buildings in a huge fire in 80 AD
• current building dates from about 125 AD, during
  the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, as date-stamps
  on the bricks reveal
• reconstructed with the text of the original
  inscription ("MAGRIPPALFCOSTERTIVMFECIT"
  meaning, "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, three
  times consul made it")

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Pantheon

• Agrippa finished the construction of the
  building called the Pantheon. It has this name,
  perhaps because it received among the images
  which decorated it the statues of many gods,
  including Mars and Venus but my own opinion of
  the name is that, because of its vaulted roof, it
  resembles the heavens. (Cassius Dio History of
  Rome 53.27.2)

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Panthenon

• later repaired by Septimius Severus and Caracalla
  in 202 AD, for which there is another, smaller
  inscription. This inscription reads "pantheum
  vetustate corruptum cum omni cultu restituerunt"
  ('with every refinement they restored the
  Pantheon worn by age').

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Parthenon