Cross Sectional Anatomy

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Cross Sectional Anatomy

• Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M)

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ABDOMEN

• Musculo-Skeletal System
• Psoas muscle
• Crura of Diaphragm
• Vertebra
• Ilium
• Pubic
• Ribs

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ABDOMEN

• Digestive system
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Accessory organs
• Liver gall bladder
• Bile ducts
• Pancreas

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• Esophagus
• Anterior to vertebral bodies aorta
• Posterior medial to stomach
• Stomach
• Fundus-superior to EG junction very posterior
• Body-more anterior than fundus
• Pylorus-retroperitoneal medial

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• Small Intestine
• Duodenum-retroperitoneal
• Jejunum-anterior midabdomen
• Ileum-anterior in pelvis
• Large intestine
• Cecum-retroperitoneal
• Ascending colon-retroperitoneal
• Hepatic flexure-posterior
• Transverse colon-most anterior
• Splenic flexure-most superior

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• Descending colon-retroperitoneal
• Sigmoid colon-anterior
• Rectum-retroperitoneal

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Accessory Organs

• Liver
• Right lobe
• Left lobe
• Quadrate lobe
• Caudate lobe
• Falciform ligament
• Ligamentum venosum

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• Gall bladder
• Pancreas
• Head
• Tail
• Body

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Lymphatic System

• Spleen
• LUQ
• Posterior to stomach

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Endocrine System

• Adrenal Glands
• Retroperitoneal
• Superior poles of kidneys

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Urinary System

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary Bladder
• Urethra

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• Kidneys
• Retroperitoneal
• Cortex-doughnut
• Rt-post. to liver
• Lt-post. to stomach, pancreas, spleen

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• Ureters
• Retroperitoneal
• Ant. to IIA IIV Post. to EIA EIV
• Urinary Bladder
• Post. to symphysis
• Urethra

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Vascular System

• Arterial Phase
• Venous Phase
• Hepatic-Portal system

• Veins larger in diameter
• Upper abd-Veins anterior to arteries
• Lower abd/Pelvis-arteries anterior to veins

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ABDOMEN

• Abdominal Aorta
• Fairly midline
• Celiac Trunk
• Branches
• Left Gastric
• Splenic artery
• Hepatic artery

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• Superior Mesenteric Artery
• Just below Celiac
• Same level as Lt renal vein entering IVC

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• Renal Arteries
• Inferior to SMA
• Rt-longer
• Lt-superior to Rt

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• Common Iliac Arteries
• Bifurcation of Aorta
• Level of L4
• Superior to formation of IVC

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• Internal iliac arteries
• Posterior to external
• External iliac arteries
• IIA posterior to EIA

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ABDOMEN

• Venous Phase
• Inferior vena cava
• Renal v.
• Common iliac v.
• Internal iliac v.
• External iliac v.
• Hepatic-Portal System
• Hepatic v.
• Portal v.
• Splenic v.
• Superior mesentaric v.
• Inferior mesentaric v.

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• Internal External Iliac veins
• Common Iliac veins

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• Inferior Vena Cava
• Ascends on Rt side of Aorta
• Largest vein
• Retroperitoneal

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• Renal veins
• Lateral aspects of IVC
• Lt-longer Anterior to aorta

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• Hepatic veins
• Drain into IVC
• Superior to Portal vein
• Most superior of liver vessels

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Hepatic Portal System

• Porta Hepatis
• Portal vein
• IMV
• SMV
• Splenic vein

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CHEST

• Cardiovascular System
• Heart
• Great vessels
• Aorta
• Superior vena cava
• Inferior vena cava
• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein
• Respiratory System
• Trachea
• Primary bronchii
• R L lung

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• Respiratory System
• Trachea
• Primary bronchii
• R L lung

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• Heart
• 4 chambers
• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle

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• Right Atrium
• most superior
• Right Ventricle
• most anterior
• Left Atrium
• most posterior
• Left ventricle
• most inferior

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• Arterial Phase
• Aortic arch
• Brachiocephalic a.
• R Common carotid a.
• R Subclavian a.
• L Common carotid a.
• L Subclavian a.

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• Aortic Arch
• Ascending Aorta
• Descending Aorta

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• Venous Phase
• Superior vena cava
• R L Brachiocephalic v.

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• Superior Vena Cava

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• Pulmonary Phase
• Pulmonary trunk/artery
• R L Pulmonary Arteries

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• Pulmonary veins
• 2 from Right
• 2 from Left