TODAY

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An airplane destroyed during the Japanese attack
on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

• TODAYs OBJECTIVES
• Explain how Japanese expansionism led to war
  with the Allies in Asia.
• Explain the importance of the Allies strategy
  in turning the tide of war against Japan.

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JAPAN SEEKS A PACIFIC EMPIRE

• 1920s A country overcrowded and short of raw
  materials
• Military Leaders begin to seek an
  Empire
• Japan takes over Manchuria
• 1937 Japan invades China Chinese
  resistance causes prolonged war
• Plan to pursue resources in
  European colonies of Southeast Asia

The Japanese military documented the brutality
in Nanjing.
1940 U.S. cracks Japanese secret code and
discovers plan fears loss of
U.S.-controlled Philippines Guam
1941 Jan. - U.S. begins to aid Chinese
June Japan moves into French Indochina
July U.S. President Roosevelt cuts
off oil shipments to Japan
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Japans great naval
strategist, argued that the U.S. fleet in
Hawaii was a dagger pointed at our throat,
and must be destroyed.
Although Yamamoto argued for the attack on Pearl
Harbor, he held no illusions about the
wars final outcome. He admitted to
an aide, In the first six to twelve
months of a war with the United States and
Britain, I will
run wild and win victory after victory.

After that, I have no expectation of
success.
Video clip, America in the 20th Century World
War II The Road to War / Japanese Attack Pearl
Harbor
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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Japanese  Approach to Pearl Harbor Dec. 7,
1941 The Imperial Japanese Navy fleet attacking
Pearl Harbor launched a total of 423 aircraft in
two waves against American military targets on
the Hawaiian Island of Oahu.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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Attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 Commander
Fuchida led the first wave of torpedo bombers
against the US Pacific Fleet ships at anchor in
Pearl Harbor. Their first objective was to strike
at the battleships.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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1. Bombing of Pearl Harbor U.S.
Casualties 2,400 killed 1,100 wounded
a? Japanese launched a surprise attack,
sinking or damaging almost the entire
U. S. Pacific fleet. b! U.S. declares war
on Japan.
CONNECTING PAST PRESENT Following the
Terrorist Attack of September 11, 2001, many in
the United States found obvious comparisons with
the attack on Pearl Harbor sixty years earlier.
In both instances, the United States admitted
knowing from coded messages that such an attack
might come. But they did not know when or
where it would occur.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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December 7, 1941
A Day That Will Live in Infamy. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt declaring War on Japan
before the U.S. Congress December 8, 1941.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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2. Fall of Southeast Asian colonies. Hong Kong,
Malaya, Dutch Indonesia, Singapore, Burma
a? Through a planned series of attacks in the
Pacific, Japan seized control of rich European
colonies. b! Helped Japan replenish
depleted resources and cut China off from its
supply route through Burma.
Before they moved in and conquered, the Japanese
dropped leaflets proclaiming their
anti-colonialist message, Asia for Asians.
After victory, however, the Japanese quickly
made it clear that they had come as conquerorsin
fact, native Asian people often received the same
treatment as western POWssuch as those taken on
the Bataan Death March. Textbook, p. 828
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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Bataan Death March Known as The Rock, the
island fortress of Corregidor in Manila Bay
was the last U.S. position in the Philippines
to surrender to the Japanese. For a month
after the fall of Bataan, 13,000 American and
Filipino troops held out in a concrete cave
called Malinta Tunnel.
Video clip, teachers personal library, The
Bataan Death March
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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. . . Bataan Death March
At dawn April 9, 1942, Major General Edward P.
King, Jr., surrendered more than 75,000 starving
and disease-ridden American soldiers, sailors,
and Marines and their Filipino allies, to
overwhelming Japanese forces.
He inquired of the Japanese colonel to whom he
tendered his pistol whether the Americans and
Filipinos would be well treated. The Japanese
aide-de-camp indignantly replied We are not
barbarians. The next 14 days would prove
otherwise.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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. . . Bataan Death March
August, 1942 The men were marched 65 miles
into Japanese Prisoner-of-War camps.
(See A Voice from the
Past,
text p. 828)
The 75,000 prisoners of war were bound, beaten,
or killed by their Japanese captors. Some were
bayoneted when they fell from exhaustion. Some
were forced to dig their own graves and were
buried alive. Only 56,000 prisoners reached
camp alive. Thousands of them later died from
malnutrition and disease. In August, 1945, the
Russian Army liberated the prison camp.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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3. Doolittles raid on Japan. April, 1942
a? As revenge for Pearl Harbor, U.S. sent
sixteen B-25 bombers to bomb
Japanese cities.. b! Showed that Japan
could be attacked and raised
American morale.
James H. Doolittle 18961993, American
aviator,
b. Alameda,
Calif. After serving in World War I as a
flier he returned to school and
earned a Sc.D. from MIT. He
then became noted for his speed
flying (world record, 1932)
and also engaged in commercial
aviation as the head of Shell
Oil's aviation department. In 1940 he was
recalled to the U.S. Army Air Corps. Doolittle
commanded the first bombers that raided Tokyo and
other Japanese cities (Apr. 18, 1942) from the
aircraft carrier Hornet. He later headed the
North African Strategic Air Forces and led the
8th Air Force in its massive attacks on Germany.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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May, 1942 An American fleet with Australian
support intercepts a Japanese strike force on its
way to Port Moresby in the Coral
Sea (see textbook map, p. 828) the United
States had installed a critical Allied air base
here should the Japanese take it, they could
easily take Australia.
CORAL SEA
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• Battle of
• the Coral Sea.
• May, 1942

a? Following an interception of Japanese
attack on Port Moresby, Japanese and
American naval fleets fought to a draw. b!
Introduced a new kind of naval warfare,
using only airplanes taking off from huge
carriers. The Americans lost more ships than
the Japanese, but successfully prevented
Japanese expansion southward.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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June, 1942 Another Japanese code was broken and
their next target was realized the key American
airfield on Midway island. (see textbook map, p.
828) U.S. Pacific Fleet Admiral
Chester Nimitz knew the largest naval force ever
assembled, 150 Japanese ships, were heading for
Midway to finish off the U.S. crippled fleet
and on the lead Japanese flagship was Admiral
Yamamoto himself.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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U.S. Pacific Fleet Admiral
Chester Nimitz was outnumbered four to one in
ships and planes. Evenso, he set his ambush for
the Japanese. On June 4, with American forces
hiding beyond the horizon, Nimitz allowed the
enemy to launch the first strike. Once the
Japanese planes had lifted off to strike the
island, Nimitz ordered American planes to swoop
in and attack the Japanese fleet. American
pilots destroyed 332 Japanese planes, all four
aircraft carriers, and one support ship.
Yamamoto and his flagship withdrew.
June, 1942
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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One of the most respected leaders of the Pacific
campaign of World War II was Adm. Chester Nimitz,
who was born in Fredericksburg, Texas. Located
in the historic Nimitz Hotel on Main Street in
downtown Fredericksburg, is the Admiral Nimitz
Museum.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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5. Battle of Midway. The
Americans had avenged Pearl Harbor, commented a
Japanese official.
a? An American carrier with planes defeated
Japanese fleet poised to attack
Midway Island, a key American airfield. b!
This battle reversed the tide of war in the
Pacific against the Japanese.
American pilots view of the Japanese air raid
on Midway Island beginning June 4, 1942..
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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5. Battle of Midway. The
Americans had avenged Pearl Harbor, commented a
Japanese official.
a? An American carrier with planes defeated
Japanese fleet poised to attack
Midway Island, a key American airfield. b!
This battle reversed the tide of war in the
Pacific against the Japanese.
U.S.S. Yorktown after she was hit by dive bombers
at the Battle of Midway.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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5. Battle of Midway. The Americans
had avenged Pearl Harbor, commented a Japanese
official.
a? An American carrier with planes defeated
Japanese fleet poised to attack
Midway Island, a key American airfield. b!
This battle reversed the tide of war in the
Pacific against the Japanese.
Crew of U.S. Army Air Force First Lieutenant
James Muri's B-26, who made a torpedo attack on
a Japanese aircraft carrier during the early
morning battle. The plane had more than 500
bullet holes when it landed at Midway following
this action.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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General Douglas MacArthur was commander of the
Allied forces in the Pacific. Believing that
trying to storm each island in the Pacific would
be a long, costly effort He proposed an
island-hopping strategy - he would bypass the
Japanese, seize the islands LEAST heavily
defended but closest to Japan, establish bases
there, then use air power to cut Japanese
supply lines.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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The U.S. learns the Japanese are building a huge
naval base on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
(see textbook map, p. 828) They had to strike
fast before it was completed. August 7,
1942 19,000 Marines with Australian support
surprise the Japanese who radioed to Tokyo,
Enemy forces overwhelming! We will defend our
posts to the death!
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The battle for the island turned into a savage
struggle. (See A Voice from the Past,
text p.
830) February, 1943 After 6 months of fighting
on land and at sea, the Battle of Guadalcanal
ended. After losing 23,000 men out of 36,000,
the Japanese abandoned the island they had
nicknamked the island of Death.
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6. Battle of Guadalcanal Aug. 1942-
Feb. 1943
a? U.S. marines, with Australian support,
seized Japanese airfield and fought
on land sea for control of island of
Guadalcanal. b! Forced Japan to abandon
Guadalcanal this began MacArthurs
island-hopping counterattack strategy.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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6. Battle of Guadalcanal Aug. 1942-
Feb. 1943
a? U.S. marines, with Australian support,
seized Japanese airfield and fought
on land sea for control of island of
Guadalcanal. b! Forced Japan to abandon
Guadalcanal this began MacArthurs
island-hopping counterattack strategy.
Marines survey bodies of Japanese soldiers
covering the battleground of Edson's Ridge.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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6. Battle of Guadalcanal Aug. 1942-
Feb. 1943
a? U.S. marines, with Australian support,
seized Japanese airfield and fought
on land sea for control of island of
Guadalcanal. b! Forced Japan to abandon
Guadalcanal this began MacArthurs
island-hopping counterattack strategy.
A Guadalcanal native pays tribute to American war
dead on the island. - August, 1946.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.
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Battleships Light Cruisers Destroyers Auxillary
Craft

• How many of the ships lost were
• light cruisers?
• A. 17 percent
• B. 22 percent
• C. 34 percent
• D. 44 percent
• Most of the ships lost were
• F. Battleships
• G. Light cruisers
• H. Destroyers
• J. Auxillary craft

3. All of the following types of ships
were lost except? A. battleships B. light
cruisers C. destroyers D. aircraft
carriers 4. Fewer auxilliary craft were lost
than - F. battleships G. light cruisers H.
destroyers J. aircraft carriers

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You know at Pearl they hit us with a
sledgehammer. This raid, even if it makes it
through, it'll only be a pinprick... but it'll be
straight through their hearts.
Lt. Col Jimmy Doolittle Quote from 2001 movie,
Pearl Harbor.
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Halsey ordered the cruiser Nashville to dispose
of the picket, and launched Doolittle's bombers
into the air
TO COL. DOOLITTLE AND HIS GALLANT COMMAND,

GOOD LUCK AND GOD BLESS
YOU HALSEY
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TOOL 1
The planes managerd to avoid heavy enemy fire,
But they were far short of the fuel needed to
reach the airfield at Chuchow. One plane turned
north, and surprised Russian soldiers by landing
near Vladivostok. The remaining fifteen planes
crashed or were ditched over China. Remarkably,
most of the 80 pilots and crewmen survived the
mission.
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Of eight airmen who were captured, three were
executed by the Japanese, and another died in
captivity. Four others were killed during the
mission.
The Chinese people were recorded to have
sheltered most all of the pilots whos planes
crashed in their villages. The soldiers said that
they were treated very kindly and with
hospitality.
Ironically, they bore the heaviest cost of the
raid. In May 1942, the Japanese army launched
operation Sei-Go, with goals of securing Chinese
airfields from which raids could be launched
against the Home Islands, and punishing villages
which might have sheltered Doolittle's airmen
after the Raid. As many as 250,000 Chinese
civilians were murdered in the Chekiang and
Kiangsu provinces.
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