4th Rosenberg Biennial International Forum on Water Policy.

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4th Rosenberg Biennial International Forum on
Water Policy.

• Transboundary Water Cooperation
• The Nile Basin Case
• by
• Hon. Martha Karua
• Minister for Water Resources Management and
  Development,Kenya Nile-COM Chair.

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1.The Nile Basin

• Burundi
• D.R. Congo
• Egypt
• Eritrea
• Ethiopia

• Kenya
• Rwanda
• Sudan
• Tanzania
• Uganda

• Challenges
• History
• Poverty
• Demography (600m in 2025)
• degradation

• Climatic Vulnerability
• Economics-nothing flows.

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Source UN Human Development Report 2004
Economies of Nile Countries
Country Land Area /1,000 Km2 Population 2002/Million GNP/Cap. /US Access to Electricity/
Burundi 28 6.6 102 2
DR Congo 2,350 51.2 111 1-6
Egypt 1,000 70.5 1354 98
Ethiopia 1,222 69.0 90 10
Kenya 583 31.5 393 9
Rwanda 26 8.3 212 2
Sudan 2,506 32.9 412 15
Tanzania 945 36.3 267 10
Uganda 241 25.0 236 5
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Nile Basin Countries - Europe Electricity/HP
comparison
Popul. Mill. GNP/cap HP pot. MW HP dev. MW Elec./cap kWh/yr CO2 em. ton/c/yr
Ethiopia 61 105 45,000 700 22 0.00
Kenya 29 361 1,600 700 106 0.05
Rwanda 8 241 100 27 26 0.00
Tanzania 33 267 3,200 557 56 0.01
Uganda 22 298 2,800 278 38 0.00
Austria 8 23,333 18,300 11,700 6,457 1.51
France 59 22,128 26,000 25,200 6,539 4.32
Germany 82 22,430 8,000 5,600 5,963 4.50
Italy 58 18,808 22,800 15,267 4,732 2.98
Norway 5 36,889 47,200 27,873 24,422 3.23
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2. Nile Cooperation.

• Nile holds significant opportunities for
  cooperative development
• Growing awareness at political and technical
  levels
• Riparian states recognise benefits to gain from
  cooperation
• Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)), 9 countries and
  Eritrea (established in 1999)
• Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) developed a shared
  vision
• Multi track approach dealing with a strategic
  plan and developing cooperative legal and
  institutional framework acceptable to all
• Transitional institutional arrangement

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The Shared Vision

• To achieve sustainable
• socio-economic development
• through equitable utilization of,
• and benefit from,
• the common Nile Basin water resources.

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NBI Structure
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3. Areas of cooperation

• Broad spectrum of areas of cooperation exist
• Strategic Action Program to realise the vision
• Shared vision (BASIN-WIDE)
• Subsidiary Action Plan (SUB-BASIN)
• Cooperation with International Community
• International Consortium for Cooperation on the
  Nile (ICCON)
• Development of legal and institutional framework
  acceptable to all

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4. Confidence Building and Stakeholder\
involvement

• Strong political support from basin countries
• Ministerial and parliamentarians
• Journalists, civil society and others
• Participation at heart of Nile Basin Initiative
  (NBI) process
• Cross sectoral and participatory approach
• Stakeholder participation focusing on
• Communication and Public information
• Confidence building
• Exchange of knowledge and information

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5. Benefits of Cooperation

• Four kinds
• Benefits to the river-Ecosystem.
• Benefits from the river-use,power..
• Benefits that arise from reduced transaction
  cost-cooperative dev,inf.
• Benefits beyond the river-spinoffs,
  econ.integration,

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6. Partnership and Financing

• Countries finance core secretariat functions,
  support in form of partnerships
• Financing mechanisms that involve soliciting
  funds through forum called ICCOM
• First ICCON meeting held in Geneva in 2001
• Nile Basin Trust Fund (preferred mechanism)
• Funding Gaps for Shared Vision Program and
  partnership grants and soft loans needed for
  subsidiary investment projects

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8. Way Forward

• Scaling up of investment programs for tangible
  benefits to riparian states and communities,
• Strengthening,sustaining and broadening the
  cooperation,
• Successful implementation of initial portfolio of
  projects to demonstrate results and benefits

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Conclusion

• Nile Basin Countries see cooperation and
  Co-operative action,where appropriate, as the
  best option aiming at Win-Win projects and
  benefits,
• Cooperation is growing among countries with Nile
  waters as entry for broader and greater benefits
  including economic integration,
• Donor support encouraging and more support
  needed-buying into the NBI Shared Vision,
• Infrastructure investment funding challenging-
  Public financing most viable for the basin
  supported by partnership Grants/Trust Funds,and
  Soft/concessionary loans as private sector not
  attracted

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Thank you

• www.nilebasin.org