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Title:

????? ?????? (Prisoner

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Title: Slide 1 Author: Aideen N Last modified by: Aideen N Created Date: 7/11/2006 8:22:43 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ????? ?????? (Prisoner


1
????????? ??
??????? ???????
  • ????? ?????????

??????? ??
2
???? ?????
  • ?? ?? ?????
  • ????????? ?? ????????
  • ????????? ?? ?????? ????
  • ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????
  • ????
  • ?????
  • ???
  • ???????? ?????

3
??????? ??????? ?????
  • ??????? ?? ??? ?????
  • ????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
    ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? (????? ?????
    ??????????)
  • ????????
  • ??? ??????
  • ??????????
  • ???? ?????

4
????????? ????? ????
  • ? - ?????? ???? (???????)
  • ?????????? ?????
  • ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????
  • ????? ???/??????? ????? ????? ???????????
  • ????
  • ????? ?????? (Prisoners Dilemma)

??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????
??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????
5
????????? ????? ???? (?????)
  • ? - ?????? ?????? (?????)
  • ?????? ?????
  • ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????
  • ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????
  • ????
  • ??? (Tic Tac Toe)
  • ??????
  • ????? ???? ?? ????? (Top-Down)
  • ???????? ????? ?? ???? (Bottom-Up)

6
?????? ????? ????? ??? (? ?? ?)
7
?????? ???? ???? ???(????? ? ?? ?)
  • ?...
  • ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????.

???? ??? ???? ???!
???? ??? ???? ???!
???? ??? ???? ???!
???? ??? ???? ???!
???? ??? ???? ???!
???????! ???? ????? ???!
8
?????? ???? ???? ???(????? ? ?? ?)
  • ? ?? ?????...
  • ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?
    ?????? ???? ? ???.
  • ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? (???? ??? ??
    ?????? ???)
  • ??? ????
  • ?????? ?????
  • ?? ???? ??????? (????) ?? ????? ?? ????
  • ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ????
    ????? ???.
  • ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? (????
    ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????) ?? ??????? ????
    ??? ???? (??? ?? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??????)
    ???.

9
?????? ???? ???? ???(????? ? ?? ?)
  • ???? ?? ???
  • ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? (??????? ?? ???)
    ????? ??? ???.
  • ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???
  • ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? (???? ??? ?????) ???!
  • ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???
  • ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??
    ???? (???? ????) ????.

10
?????? ???? ???? ???(????? ? ?? ?)
  • ????

?
???
?
???
?
?
????
???
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
11
???? ????? ???????!
???? ????? ????!
  • ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????
    ????? ?????? ???!
  • ?? ??????? ?????? ????????!

12
???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????!
  • ?????? ?????????? ??????!
  • ??????? ???? ?? ??? (?? ?? ????) ?? ??? ??????
    ?????.
  • ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?? ??
    ????? ????? ?????.
  • ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ...
    ???????? ?????? ????.
  • ??????? ????? ? ????
  • MiniMax
  • aß Pruning

13
(MiniMax)?????? (??????)
  • ???????? ?? ??? ? ???? ????????.
  • ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?
    ???? ?? ??? ?????.
  • ???? ????? (??????) ??????? ???????? ?????.
  • ?? ??? ?? ???? Analysis ?????? ??????? ??
    ???????? ???????.

14
(MiniMax)?????? (??????)
int BlueValue(Board b, int depth) if
((GameOver(b) or depthgtMaxDepth) return
Analysis(b) int max -infinity for each
legal move m in board b copy b to c
make move m in board c int x
RedValue(c, depth1) if (xgtmax) max x
return max int RedValue(Board b, int
depth) if ((GameOver(b) or depthgtMaxDepth)
return Analysis(b) int min infinity
for each legal move m in board b
copy b to c make move m in board c
int x BlueValue(c, depth1) if (xltmin)
min x return min
15
??? ???? ???? ??? aß Pruning
  • ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???.
  • ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
    ???? ?? ??? ????!

16
?????? ???? ???? ???(????? ? ?? ?)
A
  • ????

B
?
C
D
?
Bounded!
G
?
?
E
F
?
?
-?
17
??? ???? ???? ??? aß Pruning
int BlueValue(Board b, int depth, int alpha, int
beta) if ((GameOver(b) or depthgtMaxDepth)
return Analysis(b) int max -infinity
for each legal move m in board b
copy b to c make move m in board c
int x RedValue(c, depth1, alpha, beta)
if (xgtmax) max x if (xgtalpha) alpha
x if (alphagtbeta) return alpha
return max int RedValue(Board b, int depth, int
alpha, int beta) if ((GameOver(b) or
depthgtMaxDepth) return Analysis(b)
int min infinity for each legal move m in
board b copy b to c make move m
in board c int x BlueValue(c, depth1,
alpha, beta) if (xltmin) min x
if (xltbeta) beta x if (alphagtbeta)
return beta return min
18
???? ??????? ??????????
  • NegaMax? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??
  • Branching? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????

19
?? ??? ???? ??? ??????????
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