Kazuhiro Yamamoto

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Overview of KAGRA cryogenic payload development
Kazuhiro Yamamoto Institute for Cosmic Ray
Research (ICRR) the University of Tokyo ELiTES
2nd general meeting Delegation of the European
Union to Japan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 4
December 2013
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Contribution
R. Takahashi, K. Ono, T. Sekiguchi, Y.
Sakakibara, C. Tokoku, M. Kamiizumi, U.
Iwasaki, E. Hirose, A. Khalaidovski, R. Kumar,
T. Uchiyama, S. Miyoki, M. Ohashi, K. Kuroda, T.
AkutsuA, H. IshizakiA, F. E. Peña ArellanoA, T.
SuzukiB, N. KimuraB, S. KoikeB, T. KumeB, K.
TsubonoC, Y. AsoC, T. UshibaC, K. ShibataC, D.
ChenD, N. OhmaeE, K. SomiyaF, R. DeSalvoG, E.
MajoranaH, L. NaticchioniH, W. JohnsonI, A.
CummingJ, R. DouglasJ, K. HaughianJ, I. MartinJ,
P. MurrayJ, G.D. HammondJ, S. RowanJ, G.
HofmannK, C. SchwarzK, D. HeinertK, R. NawrodtK,
S. GotoL, M. TanakaL, S. IokaM, K. NakamotoM, H.
NezukaM, KAGRA collaboration ICRR.UT, NAOJA,
KEKB, Phys.S.UTC, Astro.S.UTD, E.UTE,S.TITF,
Sannio Univ.G, INFNH, Louisiana State Univ.I ,
University of GlasgowJ, Friedrich-Schiller-Univers
itaet JenaK, Jecc TorishaL, Toshiba Keihin
Product OperationsM, KAGRA collaboration
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0. Abstract
I will explain development
of KAGRA cryogenic payload
in this year. I introduce activities
related with ELiTES.
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• Contents
• Introduction
• Development in 2013
• 3. ELiTES activities
• 4. Idea for future
• 5. Summary

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1. Introduction
Schematic view of KAGRA interferometer
(Raffalel
Flaminios talk)
Four mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled.
3km
3km
Mozumi Y-end
Sakonishi X-end
Kamioka mine (Underground site)
Atotsu Center
Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit,
Cryostat, Cryogenic payload
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1. Introduction
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
Vibration Isolation
14 m
Cryogenic mirror
Cryostat
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1. Introduction
Takanori Sekiguchi reports his simulation for
this full system (vibration isolation cryo
payload) tomorrow.
Vibration Isolation
Cryostat
Cryogenic mirror
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1. Introduction
Outline of cryostat
to SAS
Cryogenic payload
Cryostat Stainless steel t20mm Diameter 2.6m
Height 3.6m M 10 ton
Mirror
View ports
4 Low vibration cryocooler unit
Cryo-coolers Pulse tube, 60Hz 0.9 W at 4K
(2nd) 36 W at 50K (1st)
Remote valve unit
Main LASER beam
S. Koike
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1. Introduction
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Pulse tube cryocoolers
Pulse tube cryocoolers
Sapphire fiber
Sapphire mirror (About 20K)
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Vacuum chamber (300K)
1. Introduction
Inner shield (8K)
Outer shield (80K)
Pulse tube cryocoolers
2 Pulse tube cryocoolers
Cryoduct with baffles (to absorb 300 K radiation)
2 Pulse tube cryocoolers
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2. Development in 2013
Duct shield
Yusuke Sakakibara will report details
tomorrow. He investigate how much 300K radiation
is trasfered, scattered light, and vibration of
duct shield. His experiment proves that duct
shield reduces propagation of radiation
sufficiently.
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2. Development in 2013
KAGRA cryostats have already been assembled !
at Toshiba Keihin Product Operations
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2. Development in 2013
Measurement of shield vibration
One of experiments in KAGRA cryostat
Vibration of shield could be problems.
Vibration via heat links, Scattered light We
must measure the vibration of shield. This
measurement is at cryogenic
temperature and in vacuum. Luca Naticchioni,
Maurizio Perci, Ettore Majorana (Rome, ELiTES)
and Dan Chen (ICRR) measured vertical and
horizontal vibration of radiation shield of
KAGRA, respectively. Dan Chen presents details
tomorrow.
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2. Development in 2013
Measurement of shield vibration Dan Chen
(horizontal motion)
After cooling down 10K
Analysis for sensitivity is in progress.
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2. Development in 2013
Measurement of shield vibration Luca Naticchioni
(vertical motion)
After cooling down 10K
Analysis for sensitivity is in progress.
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2. Development in 2013
Measurement of shield vibration Vertical
vibration is an issue (Dan Chen presentaion).
After cooling down 10K
Eric Hennes explains the vertical vibration
isolation at cryogenic temperature tomorrow.
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2. Development in 2013
Sapphire monolithic suspension Sapphire
mirror is suspended by sapphire fibers.
Key component of
KAGRA Alexandr Khalaidovski reports tomorrow.
We need (a)Drilled sapphire mirror (b)Sapphire
fibers with nail heads (c)Bonding between bulk
and fibers
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2. Development in 2013
Drilled sapphire bulk We ordered Shinkosha
(test sample).
KAGRA mirrors 220 mm in diameter
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2. Development in 2013
Drilled sapphire bulk We ordered Shinkosha
(test sample). It was delivered on the 1st of
October.
Second sample is being made.
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2. Development in 2013
Measurement of coating mechanical loss
at cryogenic
temperature Kieran Craig (Glasgow, ELiTES)

Sapphire disk
Experimental apparatus in cryostat of ICRR
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2. Development in 2013
Sapphire fibers with nail heads are necessary to
suspend mirrors.
Test sample (T. Uchiyama)
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2. Development in 2013
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
MolTech GmbH (Germany) and IMPEX HighTech GmbH
(Germany) have already delivered !
Although the size is similar to that of KAGRA,
quality check is necessary.
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2. Development in 2013
Sapphire fibers with nail heads Quality check
under collaboration with ELiTES Q-value
Measurement in Glasgow, Jena, Rome and Tokyo
Thermal conductivity Measurement in Jena,
Rome and Tokyo Strength Measurement
in Glasgow (Giles
Hammond reports tomorrow)
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2. Development in 2013
Sapphire fibers with nail heads
Moltech IMPEX
KAGRA

requirement Q-value 107
1106 5106 at 20K
- 6106 Thermal
Conductivity 3000 5000
5000 at 20K W/m/K
-6000
Although IMPEX fiber satisfies requirement (D.
Chen report his result in Rome tomorrow), further
investigation is necessary (polish of nail head
surface ).
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2. Development in 2013
Apparatus to measure Q-values and thermal
conductivity in cryostat at Tokyo from Jena
(ELiTES) (C. Schwarz, G. Hofmann, R. Nawrodt, J.
Komma)

These apparatus

are also used to
investigate
wires
for other masses
and
sapphire
bonding.



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2. Development in 2013
Blade spring Compensation for length
difference of
sapphire fibers
Bending strength test in Glasgow (Giles Hammond
Reports tomorrow)
Research for ET in NIKHEF (Alessandro
Bertolini reports tomorrow)
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2. Development in 2013
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Investigation of Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
is in progress in Glasgow.
(Rebecca Douglas, GWADW2013). Tensile
strength (about 60 MPa) measured by her is
10 times larger than those of previous papers.
T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics
Conference Series 32(2006)309. A. Dari
et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity
27(2010)045010.
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2. Development in 2013
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror Rebecca
Douglas and Karen Haughian (Glasgow,
ELiTES) stay in Japan. They proceed with
measurement of shear strength, thermal
resistance. They kindly teach us the details
about how to make
boding. Rebecca will explain details tomorrow.
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2. Development in 2013
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and
sapphire mirror Other kinds of bonding
Indium ? (If fibers are broken, they can be
replaced) Gerald Bergmann and Manuela Hanke
(Hannover, ELiTES) are
investigating.
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2. Development in 2013
Control system for position and angle
Gerald Bergmann and Manuela Hanke
(Hannover, ELiTES) are investigating
for
cryogenic payload. Joris Van Heijningen,
Kazuhiro Agatsuma (NIKHEF,
ELiTES) They will report control
sensors for iKAGRA (room
temperature) tomorrow.
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2. Development in 2013
Many guests from Sannio (ELiTES) Coating
Adele Fusco, Innovenzo Pinto Innocenzo
reports nm layer coating
for future
tomorrow. Cryogenic experiment Silvio Savoia,
Massimo Moccia,
Francesco Picariello
Ponderomotive squeezing experiment (for
future) Dario Castellano
Environmental sensors Pasquale Daponte,
Sergio Rapuano
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3. ELiTES activities
ELiTES ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope
Exchange of
Scientists Grant for collaboration about
cryogenic
between KAGRA and ET European 7th Framework
Programme Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 -
Feb. 2016) European people can visit Japan

for KAGRA.
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3. ELiTES activities
A total of 25 visitors supported
by ELiTES in 2013
Note Short stay for meeting is not
counted. Germany (A total of 8 persons) Jena
(A total of 6 persons) Christian Schwarz,
Julius Komma, Gerd Hofmann (at twice),
Ronny Nawrodt (at twice) Hannover (2
persons) Gerald Bergmann, Manuela Hanke

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3. ELiTES activities
A total of 25 visitors supported
by ELiTES in 2013
Netherlands (2 persons) NIKHEF (2 persons)
Joris Van Heijningen, Kazuhiro Agatsuma
United Kingdom (3 persons) Glasgow (3
persons) Kieran Craig, Rebecca Douglas,
Karen Haughian
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3. ELiTES activities
A total of 25 visitors supported
by ELiTES in 2013
Italy (A total of 12 persons) Rome (3
persons) Luca Naticchioni, Maurizio Perci,
Ettore Majorana Sannio (A total of 9
persons) Silvio Savoia, Massimo Moccia,
Adele Fusco, Francesco Picariello, Dario
Castellano, Pasquale Daponte, Sergio
Rapuano, Innocenzo Pinto (at twice)
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3. ELiTES activities
ELiTES stimulates Japanese graduate students to
visit Europe. Yusuke Sakakibara (October 2012
December 2012) Investigation for coating
and sapphire fibers

(Glasgow and Jena) Takanori Sekiguchi
(January 2013 March 2013)
Investigation for vibration isolation
(NIKHEF) Dan Chen (September 2013 October
2013) Investigation for sapphire fiber
(Rome)
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4. Idea for future
Kazuhiro Yamamotos naive idea for ELiTES
visitors in the next year (only cryo payload)
Maybe, my idea is wrong or situation could be
changed .
Sapphire monolithic suspension Key element of
KAGRA Design, Assembly, Bonding,
Mechanical loss measurement

Vertical isolation at cryogenic temperature
It is also a key component.
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4. Idea for future
Kazuhiro Yamamotos naive idea for ELiTES
visitors in the next year (only cryo payload)
Cryogenic experiments for components
Measurement of Q-value, thermal resistance,
emissivity ..
Control and adjustment system (not only
cryogenic but also room temperature)
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4. Idea for future
New groups could join. LMA and INFN Pisa are
considering. Gianpietro Cagnoli will explain
coating tomorrow.
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5. Summary
Development of KAGRA cryogenic payload is

in progress. ELiTES supports
this developement strongly
(A total of 25 visitors in
2013). Kazuhiro Yamamoto shows his naive idea
for ELiTES visitor in the next year. Proposal and
disucssion for this topic are welcomed ! This
meeting is a great chance. Tomorrow, young
reserachers will report details. Please never
miss their presentaions !
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Thank you for your attention !
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7. For future
Some items for future research (not perfect
list) (a)Investigation material properties
(Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.)

of coating, fiber and so on. (b)Sapphire
bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp (c)Control and
damping scheme Actuators and sensors at
cryogenic temperature (d) Mechanical and thermal
simulation for payload (e) Vertical spring in
cryostat (f) Reduction of initial cooling time
Thermal resistance of clamp .... (g)
Baffles for scattered light in radiation
shield (h) Assembly procedure
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4. Human resources
3 fresh persons from Europe Dr. Aleksandr
Khalaidovski from
Hannover, June 2013-May 2014
Sapphire monolithic suspension (Dr.
Fabián Erasmo Peña Arellano
from Birmingham, May 2013 April 2016

Cryogenic sensor) Dr. Rahul Kumar from
Glasgow, September 2013 August 2014
Simulation and development of payload
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2. Issues
(1)How to assemble Details of construction,
clean room . (2)Strength Tensile
strength, development of clamp, sapphire
bonding (3)Control and damping system
to reduce fluctuation and instability
Actuators (what and where),
resonant mode (frequency and Q)
and
so on
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2. Issues
(4)Cooling Temperature of mirror (below 20
K), initial cooling time, heat
resistance of clamp (5)Noise Thermal
noise, vibration via vibration isolation
system and heat links