Europe

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Europe 
Christine Yang Lakshmi Singh, Mahmudur
Rahman, Morgan Hu, Ndeye Gningue
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Europe
This region is home to six of the top 20 annual
global CO2 emitters, including Russia, which
ranks third globally.Though Russia is not part of
the EU
EU (European Union) 27/52 European countries
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Impact of global warming in Europe

• Europe experienced a 0.95C average increase.
  Escalating temperatures and unpredictable weather
  conditions are causing concern about the future
  in Europe

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Impact of global warming in Europe

• heat waves
• 2003 - 15 million in agriculture destroyed
• climate change health risks
• more micro-bacteria affecting water quality
• worse air pollution
• longer pollen season
• increasing risk of skin cancer
• 2080 - 1/2 plant species endangered

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Impact of global warming in Europe

• warmer winters
• water run-off is expected to lead to forest
  growth and an increase in agricultural
  productivity 
• BUT more flooding,coastal erosion and melting of
  glaciers and permafrost
• elevation of nearly 3 feet by 2100
• 2080 disappearance of European winters
• 2080 2.5 million people's homes lost 

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Impact of global warming in Europe
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United Nations Environment Program

• UNEP mandated by the General Assembly on December
  1972
• uniform policy for environment programs
• create and implement them
• review the world environmental situation
• exchange environmental knowledge 

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EU's Green Technology Roadmap

• Introduce green technology to developing nations
• Promote the establishment of strict environmental
  policies/regulations
• Providing assistance to Member States in
  strengthening their national green laws and
  institutions
• Enhancing cooperation among States to address
  environmental issues of common concerns
  collectively.

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EU's Green Technology Roadmap

• Goals for 2020
• reduce the emission levels by 20 of the levels
  in 1990
• get 20 of energy would from renewable sources
• increase energy efficiency by 20

The EU is determined to spend up to 375 BILLION
a year to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at
least 80 percent by 2050 compared to 1990 levels.
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Kyoto Protocol

• Sets targets for European community to reduce
  greenhouse gas emissions
• Global emission reduction regime that will
  stabilize GHG emissions
• Allows future international agreement on climate
  change.  
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Kyoto Protocol to Carbon Trading

• targets levels of allowed emissions, or
  assigned amounts"
• Article 17 of the Protocal allows emission
  trading 
• trading of emissions became known as Carbon
  market

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Carbon Trading

• What it is
• Countries are given an "allowance" of carbon 
• Can sell their remaining carbon allowance to
  other countries in need of more carbon
  emissions.  
• Gradually over time, carbon allowances for all
  nations will decrease 
• Goal is to ultimately become more carbon
  efficient. 

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Carbon Trading

• Why it's not working
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• Trade component actually DOES NOT reduce any
  carbon emission.
• allowances were given for free to polluters, in
  an amount EXCEEDING their emissions
• companies GAIN billions of dollars for nothing
• The carbon capping does not cap anything
• Carbon offsets loosen the cap 
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Carbon Trading

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Successes

• Feed-in tariffs - provides a guaranteed price for
  electricity from renewable sources
• led to a massive increase in the amount of
  renewable energy projects
• Ex Norway gets over 99 percent of its
  electricity from renewable sources, often
  producing more than it requires and exporting the
  energy to other countries.
•  More than 16 nations in Europe produced 15
  percent or more of their electricity from
  renewable sources

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Europe the Leader
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Bibliography

• "Carbon Trading." Transnational Institute.
  Drupal, September 2009. Web. 27 May 2011.
  http//www.tni.org/primer/carbon-trading .
• Climate Action. "Climate Action - EU action
  against climate change - European Commission."
  EUROPA - European Commission - Homepage. N.p., 15
  Apr. 2011. Web. 19 May 2011. http//ec.europa.eu/c
  limateaction/eu_action/index_en.htm.
• Climate Hot Map." Union of Concerned Scientists.
  Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011. Web. 20 May
  2011. lthttp//www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming
  -solutions/europe.htmlgt.
• Cogan, Douglas G.. "Corporate Governance and
  Climate Change." The Banking Sector. Ceres, n.d.
  Web. 23 May 2011. ltwww.un.org/ga/president/62/Them
  aticDebates/gpicc/cgccbs.pdfgt. 
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Bibliography continued

1. European commission new green technology
   roadmap." Green Pepper. N.p., March 10, 2011.
   Web. 20 May 2011. lthttp//www.green-pepper.org.uk/
   european-commission-new-green-technology-roadmap/gt
   .
2. European Union. What's causing climate change?.
   European Union, October 18,2010. Web. 20 May
   2011. lthttp//ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/brief/ca
   uses/index_en.htmgt. 
3. Harnessing the potential of green energy
   transfer." Environmental Technologies Action
   Plan April 2009 1-4. Web. 27 May
   2011. http//ec.europa.eu/environment/etap/publish
   ed_files/04052009_newsletter_issue15.pdf . 
4. "Patents." Energy Island. Energy Island Ltd.,
   n.d. Web. 20 May 2011. lthttp//www.energyisland.co
   m/technologies/patents/patents.htmlgt.

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Bibliography continued

1. Sherer, Kyle. "Energy Island unlocking the
   potential of the ocean as a renewable power
   source." gizmagJanuary 28,2008 1. Web. 20 May
   2011. lthttp//www.gizmag.com/energy-island-otec/87
   14/gt.
2. Vertis Environmental Finance. "Vertis
   Environmental Finance - Taking a closer look at
   the net carbon balance." Vertis Environmental
   Finance - Welcome to Vertis Environmental
   Finance. Vertis, n.d. Web. 23 May
   2011. http//www.vertisfinance.com/index.php?page
   newsnewsid134l1.
3. UNFCCC. "Kyoto Protocol ." United Nations
   Framework Convention on Climate Change . N.p.,
   n.d. Web. 20 May 2011. lthttp//unfccc.int/kyoto_pr
   otocol/items/2830.php