??????????

1
????????????

• ???????????????????

2
?????????

• ??????????????????
• ENIAC, 1946, Feb.(Electronic Numerical
  Integrator And Calculator)
• ???????????????????,???????????
• 18800?????
• ???100m2,??30t,????150kW
• ???????

3
??????????

• ??????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????????
• 0?1?????????,?????????????
• Transistor transfer register
• ???????????????
• IC (Integrated circuit)
• ????????????,??????????????1????????,?????????????
  ?
• ???????,LSI,VLSI????

4
Moores Law

• computers will either double in power at the same
  price or halve in cost for the same power every
  18 months.
• ????????,18???,??????????2????,????????????????

???????????????????
5
??1

• ???????????

?? ?????? ???? ???????
1980 K byte
1990 M byte
2000 G byte
2000 T byte
??,??
?????
????? ???,?????
??
????? ???,?????
??
?????????
??
6
????????????
7
????

• HolodecksStarTrek The Next Generation, 1987
• ??????1??m????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????(??????force beam)????????????????
  ??????

???????????????
8
??????
9
Virtual Reality???J.Lanier?VPL (Visual
Programming Language)?

• 1983
• ????????????
• ????????????????????????(air guitar, 85?????)?
• 1989.6.7 Texpo89 San Francisco
• Virtual Reality
• RB2 (Reality Built for 2)
• DataGlove
• Eyephone

10
VPL??DataGlove

• ?????????
• ?????????,??????,?????,???????????????????????????
  ????????????
• ?????
• ?????
• ????????????
• Apple Macintosh

11
RB2???Virtual Reality

• Eyephone
• ??????2?????????????
• 360240 pixel
• ???????????
• ??? ??83?,??58?
• ?????
• RB2 (DataGloveEyephone)
• CG?????????
• ??????,CG????????CG???????,????????????
• ???????CG????????????????
• ???????????????(?????)

12
J.Lanier???Virtual Reality

• ???????,?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????,???,????????????
• ????????????????????

13
?????????????????????????

• 1990, MIT???????VR????????
• ????????????????
• ??,??,??,???,??,etc.
• ???????????????????????,??????????,????????????
• ????????????????

14
????,Virtual?????

• Existing in essence or effect though not in
  actual fact or form (The American Heritage
  Dictionary)
• ??????????????????,??????????????????????????

15
??2

• ???????????

???
nominal, supposed
Virtual
???
imaginary
real
16
??(?)

• ???????(?)??????????
• Virtual President
• Virtual Money
• Virtual Company
• ????
• ??????

17
Reality?????

• Reality(??)??,??????????????????,?????????????????
  ???
• ???????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????,????????????????????
• ?????????????????,?????????????????????????????

18
???????

• ??
• ??????,400nm750nm??????????
• ??
• ?????,20kHz?????

???????????,???????????????
19
???Virtual Reality?????

• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????????????(????????????????????????????????
  )?
• ???????,????????????????
• ??????
• Virtual??????????????
• ????????,????
• ????????????,???????

20
Virtual Reality???? D.Zeltzer, MIT (1992)

• ???(Presence)
• ???????????????,??????????????(???????)?????????
• ????(Interaction)
• ?????????????????,??????????????????????????
• ???(Autonomy)
• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????

21
AIP cube
(1,0,0)
Autonomy
(0,0,0)
(0,1,0)
Interaction
Presence
(0,0,1)
22
Virtual Reality?????

• ???(Presence)
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????
• ????(Interaction)
• ???????????????????????????
• ???(Autonomy)
• ??????????????????????????????????????

23
Virtual Reality????????
real space
virtual space
Display system
Simulation system
Person
Sensing system
computer
24
Virtual Reality????????VR??????????

• Ivan E. Sutherland
• Sketch Pad, The Ultimate Display
• Myron W. Krueger
• Artificial Reality, METAPLAY, Videoplace
• Morton L. Heilig
• SENSORAMA

25
Sketch PadIvan E. Sutherland, MIT, 1963

• ????????????????
• ???????????????
• ???????????????,????????????????????,???????????,?
  ????????CG???????,?????

26
The Ultimate DisplayIvan E. Sutherland, Harvard,
1965

• ????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????,????????

27
The Ultimate DisplayIvan E. Sutherland, Utah,
1968

• ??????????????
• Head Mounted Display????????????
• ?????CRT,?????????
• ?46cm,???40????????

28
The Ultimate DisplayIvan E. Sutherland, Utah,
1968

• ?????????
• ?????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????

29
The Ultimate DisplayIvan E. Sutherland, Utah,
1968
?????
?????
????? ???3DCG
????? ???
??????
????? ???3DCG
HMD
???? ?????? ????
?????? ????
??????? ??????
30
The Ultimate DisplayIvan E. Sutherland, Utah,
1968

• ???????????wire frame model
• 30 ????/s,3000 ???/s???????
• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• Presence?Interaction???
• ??????????????

31
Ivan E. Sutherland???

• Utah?????????????
• James H. Clark
• ???????????????
• ?????????????????????
• Alan Kay
• ?????????????
• Steven Paul Jobs???
• Macintosh???
• Smalltalk
• ??????????????

32
Artificial RealityMyron W. Krueger, 1970-1991

• Artificial Reality???
• ????????,DataGlove?Eyephone???????????????????????
  ?????
• ??????????????,??????????????????????????????,????
  ????,???????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ???????

33
METAPLAYMyron W. Krueger, 1970

• Interactive Art???
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????CG????????????????
• ??????CG???????????????????
• CG??????????,???

34
???METAPLAY?????

• ?eye toy??????PS2?????

35
VideoplaceMyron W. Krueger, 1975

• Interactive Art???
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????

36
SENSORAMAMorton L. Heilig, 1963

• sense(??)giorama(????)
• ???????????????????
• ?????????,???????????????,????????(???????)???(???
  ?,?????????????????)????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ??????????????

37
???

• ??????????????
• ??????????
• ????(????)?????
• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????
• ?????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???,???????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• AI??IA (Intelligence Amplification) ? ????

38
Virtual Reality????????
Home Medical care
Home Shopping
Surrogate Travel
Virtual Reality Network Data Base
Virtual Office
Virtual Conference
Virtual Public Facilities Museum,Zoo,Library,etc.