Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

• An Introduction

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Geographic Information Systems

• Information Systems Systems designed to
  manipulate and analyse data in order to generate
  new derivative information
• GIS Information systems that work with
  geographic or spatial data

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What is GIS About?

• Is it mapping?
• GIS is about using data to describe analyse our
  world in two ways
• Location Data - Where is it?
• Attribute Data - What is it?

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GIS Links Data Sets

• GIS software links the location data and the
  attribute data

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GIS Layers

• GIS can contain many layers of information

These are just a few of the kinds of layers a GIS
can contain
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GIS Analysis

• GIS can analyse data in many ways

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Queries
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Other Analytical Techniques

• Proximity
• Buffers
• Neighbourhoods
• Overlays
• Network analysis
• Cost Distances

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GIS Technology

• Geography has become a hi-tech discipline
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Earth Observation (Remote Sensing)
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

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Earth Observation
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Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
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Global Positioning Systems

• GPS is a positioning system
• 24 satellites orbiting the earth
• Provide location within cm.s anywhere on the
  globe.

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Whos Using GIS?

• Real Estate
• Marketing
• Economic Development
• Internet
• Insurance
• Appraisal Assessment

• Environmental
• Park Management
• Agriculture
• Public Utilities
• Health Care
• Emergency 911

• And ..

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Environmental

• What are the effects of global warming?

Land cover temperature relationships are made
clear when the data are seen at once using GIS,
or can be statistically analysed.
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Floodplain Delineation
What addresses within an urban area may be prone
to flooding, how much are the potential damages?
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Park Management

• Will the new building spoil the park scenery?

Park planners use GIS to determine whether a new
Visitor Centre can be seen from the peak.
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Agriculture

• How can food production be improved?

GIS is used in making crop management decisions
to maximize yields minimize fertilizer input.
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Public Utilities

• Identify facilities connecting networks

A proposed excavation, identified by address, is
compared to pipelines in the area using GIS.
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Health Care

• What communities are at risk from disease?

GIS identifies communities at risk of water borne
diseases helps determine the effectiveness of
the treatment plans.
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Emergency 911

• What is the fastest route to the hospital?

GIS can choose the fastest route to a hospital,
including traffic other impediments.
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Real Estate

• Where is the best location?

With GIS, suitable locations can be identified, a
map of a neighbourhood produced, as well as
pictures or videos of the actual properties.
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Marketing

• Optimise marketing campaigns

GIS can query a database identify only those
areas with the highest household income within a
specified distance of a store.
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Economic Development

• Data from the municipal government can be made
  more accessible

GIS can provide data on available properties,
traffic counts, re-development project areas,
demographics over the net.
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Corridor Analysis
Analysis through buffering polygon selection
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Appraisal and Assessment

• Fair Taxation - through customer query system
• Escaped Assessment - through automation
  increased efficiency
• Appeal Process - reduces labour intensive review
  appeals

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Civil Services
Allow police to track crime information to aid
crime prevention
Garbage collection dates served over the internet
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Economic Development

• How can we let the world know what our community
  has to offer?

GIS can be accessed over the internet by
businesses, developers, residents and others
parties for data.
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New Business Applications are developed each
monthGIS an example of a Technology meeting
evolving Business needs