Global Climate Change Alliance: Intra-ACP Programme

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• Global Climate Change Alliance Intra-ACP
  Programme
• Training ModuleMainstreaming Climate Change
• Module 4Climate related evidence and assessment
• Ms Isabelle MamatySenior ExpertClimate Support
  Facility

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Climate related evidence and assessment

• Learning objective
• To understand how to raise awareness and to
  proceed to screening and risk assessment
  processes
• Expected outcomes
• Increased knowledge on raising awareness tools
• Increased knowledge on screening tools
• Increased knowledge on risk assessment tools

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Main entry points in the national and sector
policy cycles
Allocate funding for climate-specific actions
Recognise climate risks
Include climate considera-tions in project
selection criteria
Policy cycle stage National level Sector level
Policy formulation National long-term vision National policies and strategies Sector policies and strategies
Planning Multi-year development plan Sectoral plans
Resource allocation National budget Climate-related fund(s) Sector budget envelopes Resources from fund(s)
Programming implementation Sector-level development plans and budgets Sector programming
Incorporate climate-related activities
Include climate-related programmes/ projects
(sectoral and cross-sectoral)
Relocate funding to vulnerable or priority
sectors/ regions
Adapted from Olhoff Schaer (2010) Fig. 1, p.
10
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Raising awareness and building partnerships (1)

• Assessing available evidence
• using the findings of relevant studies and
  demonstration/pilot projects
• Engaging key actors
• identifying and mobilising key organisations
  involved in development at the national and
  sector levels
• identifying and mobilising champions

Who might be good champions? Are there already
champions?
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Raising awareness and building partnerships (2)

• Developing and implementing a communication and
  advocacy strategy in support of mainstreaming
• Define the target audience to be informed or
  influenced
• Develop policy-relevant messages and materials
  based on evidence collected (e.g. policy briefs,
  radio programmes)
• Select and use appropriate communication channels
  for the various target groups (e.g. media, sector
  working groups)

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Tools supporting awareness raising and
partnership building
... are also useful for influencing policies and
informing planning processes
Assessing evidence
Engaging key actors
Vulnerability and adaptation assessments
Awareness raising partnership building
Communication advocacy strategy
Macro and meso economic analysis
National consensus on and commitment to
climate-resilient and low-emission development
Demonstration or pilot projects
Adapted from UNDP-UNEP (2011)
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EuropeAids climate change sector scripts

• Agriculture and rural development
• Ecosystems and biodiversity management
• Education
• Energy supply
• Health
• Infrastructure
• Solid waste management
• Trade and investment
• Water supply and sanitation

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Vulnerability and adaptation assessment
objectives

• The objective of the vulnerability and adaptation
  assessment is to identify, describe and assess
• The main vulnerabilities associated with current
  and future climate and climate variability.
•  Existing coping strategies and adaptation
  responses to these risks.
• Current and future adaptation needs.
• Options and measures to enhance current and
  future resilience and adaptive capacity.

Source Downing Patwardhan (2004)
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Vulnerability and adaptation assessment

• A vulnerability and adaptation assessment would
  typically focus on 3 units of analysis
• Places land, water, ecosystems, natural
  capital and built infrastructure
• People individuals, communities, human
  capital, livelihoods
• Institutions sectors, organisations, how they
  relate to each other, social capital
• It should assess both current future
  vulnerability to determine possible adaptation
  measures

Source Downing Patwardhan (2004)
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Steps in community vulnerability adaptation
assessment
Source IPCC (2007c) 4th Assessment Report, WG
II - Fig. 16.3
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Mapping vulnerability
Source Economics of Climate Adaptation (2009)
Test case on Samoa Focus on risks caused by sea
level rise, Fig. 03, p. 122
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Macro- and meso-economic analysis

• Economic analysis may be a powerful tool for
  motivating policy makers to take action
• Macro level analysis of the impact climate
  change may have on the national economy
• Meso level analysis at the level of key sectors
  or sub-sectors of the national economy
• The costs of inaction (climate-related losses)
  are compared with the net benefits of taking
  action (avoided losses minus costs)
• The analysis should also consider the
  distribution of losses and benefits (among social
  groups, regions...)

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Demonstration projects
Support lesson drawing for adaptive management
Test what works and does not work (relevance,
effectiveness)
Mobilise communities, local/regional authorities
other stakeholders
Demonstration/pilot projects
Help foster interest and commitment of national
authorities other stakeholders
Create motivation and knowledge for replication/
scaling-up
Source UNDP-UNEP (2011)
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Climate risk screening Hazard and risk
Probability of occurrence
Hazard
Risk
Severity of consequences
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Climate risk screening objectives

• Identifies potential risks for a programme or
  project by assessing, in its specific context
• A standard screening questionnaire can be
  developed to support this exercise

Exposure to the effects of CC
Maladaptation risk
Sensitivity to such effects
Optional Impacts on climate (GHG emissions/
emission removals)
Response adaptation capacity
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Climate risk screening key factors to consider

• Location
• Sector
• Relationship of the planned intervention to
  livelihoods
• Socio-economic conditions (current projected)
• Adaptive capacity of various stakeholder groups
• Including current coping mechanisms / autonomous
  adaptation measures
• Lifetime of the considered investments/activities

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Outcomes of climate risk screening
No specific action, or limited measures
None or low
Vulnerability to the effects of CC
Further investigation, adaptation measures
Medium
High
Further investigation, redesign for reduced
vulnerability/enhanced adaptive capacity, or even
abandonment
No specific action
No
Risk of maladaptation
Yes
Further investigation, redesign for reduced
maladaptation risk, or even abandonment
Insignificant
No specific action, or limited measures
GHG emissions or emission removals
Significant ()
Further investigation and enhancement of
mitigation potential
() In proportion to the size/scope of the
intervention
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Climate risk assessment objectives

• Climate risk assessment (CRA) is a dedicated
  study aimed at
• assessing in further detail the risks identified
  during climate risk screening
• identifying possible risk prevention, risk
  mitigation and other adaptation measures
• assessing these options
• formulating concrete recommendations with regard
  to the design of the programme or project

The assessment of future climate risks should be
anchored to an assessment of current risks
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Strategic environmental assessment (SEA)

• A study
• aimed at analysing the environmental consequences
  of proposed policies/plans/programmes, as well as
  the main environmental opportunities, risks and
  constraints to be taken into account
• for the purpose of promoting more sustainable
  development

Ensures that environmental considerations are
taken into account EARLY in the policy planning
process
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Role of SEA in supporting climate change
mainstreaming

• With adequate ToR, SEA can
• identify elements of the considered policy or
  programme that are sensitive to or at risk from
  climate change
• identify elements that may result in increased
  vulnerability to the effects of climate change
• assess direct and indirect GHG emissions
• identify options for risk management, adaptation
  and mitigation
• and make recommendations on alternatives, on
  institutional aspects, capacity building, etc.

For a model of ToR, see handout or EC Guidelines
on the Integration of Environment Climate
Change (2009), Annex 5
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Is the assessment linked to
A specific policy, strategy, programme or project?
Vulnerability and adaptation assessment
No
Yes
Yes ()
A specific policy or strategy?
Strategic environmental assessment ()
No
Yes ()
A specific programme?
Climate risk assessment
No
Yes ()
A specific project?
Environmental impact assessment ()
() With ToRs adapted to include climate-related
considerations
() Climate risk screening can be applied before
undertaking a more detailed assessment
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Turning words into action
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Discussion

• Question and answers
• Climate related evidence and assessment

What are the opportunities to develop a climate
change related evidence and assessment in your
sector or at your level and what are the
institutional and capacity needs in your
organisation to do so?
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Presentation of case studies

• Presentation of vulnerability and risk
  assessments case studies

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Learning process exercise Working group

• Exercise Assess impacts, vulnerability and
  define need for action for a given national or
  sector programme and/or identify climate risks
  and adaptation opportunities of a given
  programme/project

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Recap Key messages

• Mainstreaming climate change at strategic
  planning levels supports more integrated,
  effective, efficient and sustainable responses
• But top-down and bottom-up approaches to
  adaptation are complementary and mainstreaming is
  also justified at local level
• Multiple tools are available to support climate
  change mainstreaming in policies, strategies,
  programmes and projects
• Both ad hoc studies and assessments, and
  integration of climate-related considerations in
  feasibility / formulation studies, support this
  mainstreaming process

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Key references

• EC (2009a) EC Cooperation Responding to Climate
  Change Sector scripts series. European
  Commission, Brussels
• EC (2009b) Guidelines on the Integration of
  Environment and Climate Change in Development
  Cooperation. European Commission, Brussels
• UNDP-UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Adaptation to
  Climate Change into Development Planning A Guide
  for Practitioners. UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment
  Initiative
• UNEP (2005) Communicating Sustainability How to
  produce effective public campaigns. United
  Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi
• Adaptation Learning Mechanism knowledge-sharing
  platform http//www.adaptationlearning.net/
• World Bank Economics of Adaptation to Climate
  Change web pages http//climatechange.worldbank.o
  rg/content/economics-adaptation-climate-change-stu
  dy-homepage

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• Thank you
• Contact Dr. Pendo MARO, ACP Secretariat
  pendomaro_at_acp.int or 32 495 281
  494www.gcca.eu/intra-acp