What have we been learning?

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What have we been learning?

• Where did English come from?
• What have been the major influences on our
  language?
• What was Anglo-Saxon life like?
• Whats a hero?

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Todays Questions

• What is an epic?
• Who wrote Beowulf?
• Can you define syntax

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Literary Vocabulary

• Beowulf

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Kenning

• What is a kenning?
• Book definition Metaphorical compound words or
  phrases substituted for simple nouns.
• (2 or more words that take the place of 1 noun)
• Where would I find one?
• Beowulf

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Kenning

• Give me an example.
• -Shepherd of evil for Grendel
• Folk-king for Beowulf
• Battle-flasher for sword
• Candle of heaven for the sun.

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Lyric poem

• What is a lyric poem?
• A short poem in which a single speaker expresses
  personal thoughts and feelings. In ancient
  Greece, they were meant to be sung. In modern
  times, are characterized by strong, melodic
  rhythms.
• Where would I find one?
• Shakespeares sonnets
• Keatss odes
• Can you think of anywhere else?
• Seafarer Wanderer Wifes Lament

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Lyric poem

• But its better than not being alive from straps
• Agreed
• A Mead notebook and a Bic that click
• When its pushed and a wack beat
• Thats a track thats weak
• That he got last week
• Cause everybody in the store
• Was like thats that heat.

• He said I right what I see
• Write to make it right
• Dont like where I be
• I like to make it like
• The sights on TV
• Quite the great life
• So nice and easy
• See now you can still die from that

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Caesura

• What is a caesura?
• Book definition a pause dividing a line into two
  parts.
• Where can I find one?
• Beowulf
• Iliad
• Aeneid

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Caesura

• Give me an example.
• An excerpt from Virgils Aeneid
• Of arms and the man, I sing. Who first
  from the shores of Troy
• Or
• Sing, goddess, the rage of Achilles the son of
  Peleus.

caesura
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Epic poem

• What is an epic poem?
• Book definition A long narrative poem on a
  serious subject, presented in an elevated or
  formal style. It traces the adventures of a hero
  and share some or all of the following
  characteristics

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Epic poem

• Hero is a figure of high social status and often
  of great historical or legendary importance.
• The actions of the hero often determine the fate
  of a nation or group of people.
• The hero performs exceedingly courageous,
  sometimes superhuman, deeds that reflect the
  ideas and values of the era.
• The plot is complicated by supernatural beings or
  events.
• The setting is large in scale, involving more
  than one nation and often a long and dangerous
  journey through foreign lands.
• Long formal speeches are often given by the main
  character.
• The poem discusses universal ideas, such as good
  and evil, life and death.

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Epic poem

• Give me an example.
• Beowulf
• Iliad
• Odyssey
• Aeneid
• Paradise Lost

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Alliteration

• What is alliteration?
• Book definition The repetition of consonant
  sounds at the beginning of words used to
  emphasize certain words, to heighten moods, to
  establish a musical effect, to unify a passage,
  and to create meaning.
• Where can I find it?
• Poems, speeches, short stories, novels
• Beowulf

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Alliteration

• Give me an example.
• An excerpt from Beowulf
• Out from the marsh, from the foot of misty
• Hills and bogs, bearing Gods hatred,
• Grendel came,

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The Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Periods

• p. 12-15 discuss
• Bayeux Tapestry
• How do you define great literature?
• How would you paraphrase C.S. Lewis quotation
• Based on the art, quotation, and unit title, what
  do you think the selections in this unit might be
  about?

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P. 16-17 Timeline

• Select the 3 events you think are most
  significant and explain why. List these on
  poster or overhead discuss.

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Most important Timeline Events

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Historical Background

• Read p. 18-21 and complete The Anglo-Saxon Period
  Handout.

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Around 600 B.C. . .

• Celts occupied British Isle
• Pics
• Welsh
• Irish
• A.K.A Britons Gaels

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Where did they live?

• Britons lived on the larger island, now known as
  Britain
• Gaels lived on the smaller island, now known as
  Ireland
• see p. 13 in textbook

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Britons Gaels (Celts)

• Spoke different languages
• Mainly farmers
• Used iron tools
• Lived in hut villages
• Many tribal wars

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Celtic Religion

• Pagan religion
• Worship of trees nature
• Druids were priests in charge of
• Rituals
• Prayers
• sacrifices

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Julius Caesar Conquers Britons

• 55 B.C.
• Julius Caesar claimed victory
• Named it Britannia
• Went back to Rome
• No real Roman presence for next 100 years.
• Caesars battle records 1st historic record of
  England

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Roman Emperor Claudius

• Invaded Britannia in 43 A.D.
• Set up camps across the entire area
• Roman rule lasted 300 years
• Prosperous time for the island

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Roman Contributions to Britain

• Roads
• Well-paved
• Highway system connecting much of the island

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More Roman Contributions

• Architecture
• Meeting halls
• Law courts
• Temples
• Amphitheaters
• Public baths

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Romans Leave in 407 A.D.

• Roman troops recalled to Rome
• Rome was under attack from other European tribes
• Left Britannia vulnerable for attack

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Anglo-Saxon Invasion

• Comprised of 3 groups
• Angles
• Saxons
• Jutes
• Conquered Brittany Ca. 441 A.D.

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Anglo-Saxon Life

• By 600 A.D. Britannia became Angleland and
  later England
• Anglo-Saxons were excellent seafarers and
  agricultural people
• Women had very defined domestic roles

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Anglo-Saxon Life

• Old English is the common language
• Tribal wars common
• Pagan religion
• Organized tribal hierarchy

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Anglo-Saxon Pagan Beliefs

• Wyrd (fate) determined their destiny
• To attain immortality you must be Remembered
  after death for what you did on Earth
• Scop can help you attain immortality

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Christian vs. Pagan Beliefs

• God Determines Destiny
• Immortality through salvation
• Worship 1 God

• Wyrd (fate) determines destiny
• Immortality remembrance
• Worship many gods

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Christian vs. Pagan Beliefs

• Beowulf was originally told by a Pagan scop, but
  first written down by a Christain scribe,
  probably a priest.
• It ends up being a blending of both Pagan and
  Christian beliefs.

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Anglo-Saxon Gods

• 3 Days of our week are named for Anglo-Saxon
  Pagan gods
• Tuesday Tiu
• Wednesday Woden
• Friday Fria

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Conversion to Christianity

• 597 A.D. St. Augustine of Canterbury arrives in
  Kent
• Converted King Ethelbert
• Strategy convert Anglo-Saxon kings who would
  then convert people
• By 650 A.D. most of England is Christian

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Christianitys Importance

• Advanced literacyhow? why?
• Influenced literaturehow? why?

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Anglo-Saxon Tribal Hierarchy

• King
• Lord a.k.a. loaf ward (guardian of the bread)
• Earl--ruling warlords w/sworn allegiance to king
• FreemanEarl gave churl freedom enough land for
  churls family

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Anglo-Saxon Tribal Hierarchy (cont.)

• Churl (serf)- servants who work the land in
  exchange for military protection, food, shelter.
  Cannot be a warrior.
• Thrall (slaves)military prisoners or undesirable

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Wergild Was the Way of Life

• Word means man price
• Heroic code to avenge wrong you or your kin
  suffered at the hands of enemy.
• Avenge in 2 ways
• Enemy pays you gold or land
• You kill enemy or whatever vengeance you deem
  necessary

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See Princess Bride Clip

• You killed my father prepare to die!

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Comitatus the Warriors Code

• ComitatusLatin term for the mutual loyalty
  between a king and his knights
• Warriors pledged to protect and defend their lord
  at any cost, even their very lives.
• The chief fought for victory, the followers
  fought for the chief.

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Comitatus the Warriors Code

• On battlefield, disgrace for chief to be
  surpassed by his followers
• Disgraceful for warrior if king dies and warrior
  doesntmeant a life of infamy and shame

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Is Comitatus still alive today?

• The Patriot clip
• Scene 25

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The Mead Hall

• Drink Mead
• Eat
• Sleep
• Planned War
• Entertain

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Check out 13th Warrior
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Anglo-Saxon Scop

• Poet performers
• Sing/chant for hours
• Accompanied by harp
• Oral literature, not
• written
• See video clip of scop

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Why was the Scop such an important member of
Anglo-Saxon society?
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Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Poetry

• Alliterationrepetition of initial consonant
  sound
• Caesuramid-line pause
• Rhyme or syllables not important
• Formal pattern of word stresses
• Kenningspoetic use of 2 nouns to name something

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Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Poetry

• Alliterationrepetition of initial consonant
  sound
• Sally sells seashells by the seashore
• Round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran

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Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Poetry

• Caesuramid-line pause
• all the graybeards whispered together
• all the gray beards, whispered together

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Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Poetry

• Kenningspoetic use of 2 nouns to name something
• gray beards
• she-wolf
• heavens candle

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End of Anglo-Saxon Era

• Anglo-Saxon society peeks in 8th Century
• c.a. 793 A.D. Danish/Viking Invasions
• 1066 Battle of Hastings ended Anglo-Saxon England
  and Anglo-Norman England begins

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Listen. . .Imagine. . .Write

• Medieval Music 1
• Medieval Guitar
• Medieval Guitar 2

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What is this?

• Hwæt! We Gardena         in geardagum,
  þeodcyninga,         þrym gefrunon, hu ða
  æþelingas         ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld
  Scefing         sceaþena þreatum,

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1st Page of the Beowulf Manuscript