Some additional words about cloud computing

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Some additional words about cloud computing
Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied
Science (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team UMR
CNRS 5205 Lyon, France http//liris.cnrs.fr/lione
l.brunie
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Whats a Cloud ?

• "A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed
  system consisting of a collection of
  interconnected and virtualized computers that are
  dynamically provisioned and presented as one or
  more unified computing resources based on
  service-level agreements established through
  negotiation between the service provider and
  consumers (Buyya et al.)
• A large-scale distributed computing paradigm
  that is driven by economies of scale, in which a
  pool of abstracted, virtualized,
  dynamically-scalable, managed computing power,
  storage, platforms, and services are delivered on
  demand to external customers over the Internet
  (Foster et al.)
• Start point October/November 2007 - IBM Blue
  Cloud

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Types of clouds

• Public clouds (or external clouds)
• resources are dynamically provisioned on a
  fine-grained, self-service basis over the
  Internet, via Web applications or Web services.
• the cloud is hosted, operated, and managed by a
  third-party vendor from one or more
  data/computing centers
• organizations/customers lease shared resources
  from public clouds, effectively becoming
  infrastructure tenants rather than owners
• computing becomes a public utility
• Private clouds (or internal clouds) emulate cloud
  computing on private networks
• Hybrid clouds merge multiple internal and/or
  external clouds

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IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• provides computing environments/infrastructure
  i.e., hardware, software
• the provisioned infrastructure can dynamically
  scale up and down depending on the actual needs
• Amazon EC2 and S3
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• high-level integrated environment to build and
  deploy applications
• restrictions on the type of applications
• but scalable platform
• Googles App Engine for deploying Web
  applications
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• delivers software to consumers through the
  Internet
• Salesforce online CRM (Customer Relationship
  Management) Services Live Mesh from Microsoft
  files and folders synchronization

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Other XaaS offerings

• Storage as a Service 
• Data(base) as a Service (DaaS)
• Process as a Service - Business Process as a
  Service
• Network as a Service (NaaS)
• Integration as a Service 
• Security as a Service - Identity as a Service
• Testing as a Service

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Visit of a Cloud vendor web site

• http//www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/
•  Values to customers include
• Reducing IT management complexity and skill
  requirements
• Sharing resources among multiple applications
• Accelerating application launches
• Supporting both existing and emerging,
  data-intensive workloads

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Characteristics

• From the customer point of view
• Scalability
• Reliability
• Flexibility
• Cost
• Security and Privacy
• Performance
• Ubiquitous and fast access
• Quality of Service
• Service Level Agreement
• Pricing system
• Simple to use
• From the internal point of view
• Virtualization
•  Grid  management

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Comparison of some cloud platforms
From Foster et al.
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Example Amazon EC2/S3

• Compute Cloud EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing)
•  Private  virtualized servers ( instances )
  of different types
• Example High-CPU Extra Large Instance
• 7 GB of memory
• 20 EC2 Compute Units
• 1690 GB Storage
• Pricing on a per hour basis for each instance
  type from 0.084/hour for the smallest
  "On-Demand" virtual machine running Linux to 12x
  more for the largest one running Windows (Nov.
  2009). The data transfer charge ranges from 0.08
  to 0.15 per gigabyte, depending on the volume
• Data Cloud S3 (Simple Storage Service)
• from 0.55 to 0.15 per GB-month, bandwidth
  usage (from 0.08 to 0.15 per GB) requests
  (from 0.01 to 0.1 per 1000 requests)
• 102 billion objects stored files (March 2010)
• data transfer is charged by TB / month data
  transfer, depending on the source and target of
  such transfer.

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Example Microsoft Azure Fabric
Type dinstance Processeur Mémoire Stockage Performance I/O
Petite 1.6 GHz 1.75 Go 225 Go Moyenne
Moyenne 2 x 1.6 GHz 3.5 Go 490 Go Élevée
Grande 4 x 1.6 GHz 7 Go 1 To Élevée
 Extra  grande 8 x 1.6 GHz 14 Go 2.04 To Élevée
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Microsoft Azure SLA

• Compute
• connection to the  Compute  service gt 99,95
• Web and Worker roles gt 99,9
• note service interruption ? interruption gt 5
  mn
• Storage
•  failed  transactions (error rate) lt 0,1
• credit 10
• if 0,1 lt error rate lt 1
• Credit 25
• if error rate gt 1

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Windows Azure pricing (1st sem 2010)
Windows Azure Windows Azure Windows Azure Windows Azure
Traitement Traitement Traitement Traitement
Tarif unitaire 24h/24 pendant un mois (30 j.) 24h/24 pendant un an (365 j.)
Petite instance(1) (par défaut) 0,0852 /h 61.344 746.352
Instance moyenne(1) 0,1703 /h 122.616 1491.828
Grande instance(1) 0,3405 /h 246.16 2982.78
Instance  extra  grande(1) 0,6809 /h 490.248 5964.684
Stockage Stockage Stockage Stockage
Espace de stockage 0,1064 /Go stocké/mois 0,1064 /Go stocké/mois 0,1064 /Go stocké/mois
Transaction 0,0071 /10 000 transaction de stockage 0,0071 /10 000 transaction de stockage 0,0071 /10 000 transaction de stockage
Content Delivery Network (CDN) Content Delivery Network (CDN) Content Delivery Network (CDN) Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Transfert depuis Europe/Am. du nord 0,1064 /Go de données transférées 0,1064 /Go de données transférées 0,1064 /Go de données transférées
Transfert depuis une autre région 0,1419 /Go de données transférées 0,1419 /Go de données transférées 0,1419 /Go de données transférées
Transactions 0,0071 /10 000 transactions 0,0071 /10 000 transactions 0,0071 /10 000 transactions
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SQL Azure pricing (1st sem 2010)
SQL Azure SQL Azure
Web edition Web edition
BDD relationnelle jusquà 1 Go 7,085 /mois lunité
BDD relationnelle jusquà 5 Go 35,425 /mois lunité
Business edition Business edition
BDD relationnelle jusquà 10 Go 70,913 /mois lunité
BDD relationnelle jusquà 20 Go 141,826 /mois lunité
BDD relationnelle jusquà 30 Go 212,739 /mois lunité
BDD relationnelle jusquà 40 Go 283,652 /mois lunité
BDD relationnelle jusquà 50 Go 354,565 /mois lunité
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Windows Azure Platform AppFabric pricing (1st
sem 2010)
Appfabric Appfabric
Contrôle daccès 1,4114 /100 000 transactions
Bus de service Bus de service
Connexion à lunité (en pay as you go) 2,8298 /connexion
Pack de 5 connexions 7,0566
Pack de 25 connexions 35,2827
Pack de 100 connexions 141,1308
Pack de 500 connexions 705,654
Transfert de données Transfert de données
Europe et Amérique du nord Europe et Amérique du nord
Entrant 0,071 /Go
Sortant 0,1064 /Go
Asie/Pacifique Asie/Pacifique
Entrant 0,2128 /Go
Sortant 0,3192 /Go
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Windows Development Accelerator Core package
contents (1st sem 2010)
Windows Azure Windows Azure
Petite instance 750h
Stockage 10 Go
Transactions de stockage 1 000 000
Azure AppFabric Azure AppFabric
Transactions de contrôle daccès 1 000 000
Connexions au bus de service 1 pack de 5
Transfert de données Transfert de données
Amérique du nord et Europe Amérique du nord et Europe
Entrant 7 Go
Sortant 14 Go
Asie/Pacifique Asie/Pacifique
Entrant 2.5 Go
Sortant 5 Go
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Comparison of 3 cloud service offerings(1st sem.
2010)
Offre Instances a la demande Instances a la demande Instances réservées Instances réservées Transfert de données Stockage Stockage Monitoring Load balancing
Offre Linux Windows Linux Windows Transfert de données Espace de stockage Requêtes Monitoring Load balancing
Amazon EC2 0.095 2.68/h 0.12 2.88/h 0.041.12/h ou 1156370/an 0.061.38/h ou 1156370/an Entrant 0.10/G Sortant 0.080.15/Go 0.110.15/Go mensuel 0.11/ million de requêtes 0.015/ instance-heure 0.028/ Répartiteur-heure
Google 0,10/CPU-heure 0,10/CPU-heure     Entrant 0.10/Go, Sortant 0.12/Go 0.15/Go mensuel      
Microsoft   0,12/h     Entrant 0,10/Go, Sortant 0,15/Go 0,15/Go mensuel 0,01/ 10k requêtes    
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Cloud Market

• Gartner
• identifies the Cloud as one of the four trends
  that will change IT and the economy in the next
  10 years
• (http//www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id1470115)
  
• predicts that the value of Cloud Computing will
  surge to 150.1 billion dollars by 2013
• expects SaaS demand to continue to growth to a
  total of more than 14 billion dollars by 2013
• IDC BBE10
• the market for private enterprise Cloud servers
  will grow from an 8.4 billion opportunity in
  2010, to a 12.6 billion market in 2014
• SaaS revenue will grow five times more than
  traditional software
• by 2014, about 34 of all new business software
  purchases will be consumed via SaaS.
• Steve Ballmer (Microsoft's CEO) (March 2010)
• about 75 (90 in a year) of Microsoft customers
  are doing entirely cloud based or entirely cloud
  inspired
• Information Systems Audit and Control Association
  (ISACA)
• 33 among all European organizations are using
  cloud computing systems

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PaaS types
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Some cloud clients
"FedEx, State Street Bank, Northrop Grumman and multiple U.S. Government agencies."
Toyota, Whirlpool, ESPN, UPS, Philips,
Parallels, CapitalSource bank, aspire,
spongecell, zendesk,
CA Lyon, Société Générale, Virgin Mobile, webster,
BestBuy, Ubisoft,
Deutsche Bank, Ernst Young, Honda, Heineken, Allianz
Best Buy, Flightcaster, Shopify,
Stora enso, Mondi paper, SCA, Sandvik Steel, Lindel, Nynas
simco electronics, media news group, NES, US Data corporation,
CBS Outdoor, San Francisco courts, Washington state, Victorinox, Primagas,
3M, Siemens, City of Miami, GoGrid,
AIG, AMD, Mastercard, Vodafone,
national geomatica, CI privés, africa inland mission
Dell, Häagen-Dazs, AOL, Canon,
sitemasher, D3 security, piranha games,
Delta airlines, FedEx, Vodafone, Pirelli,
SEDS, ecounting, head start, dfg,
pixar, sony, harvard, unesco,
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A market oriented vision of a cloud based IT
world
From Buyya et al.