Out of Harm

1
Out of Harms Way Sports Injuries

• Chapter 3

2
Outline

• Biomechanical principles of injury
• Injury treatment and rehabilitation
• Pain Natures warning system
• Soft tissue injuries
• Dislocations
• Fractures
• Concussions
• Overuse injuries
• Injury prevention

3
Biomechanical Principles of Injury
4
Tissue Types

• Each type of tissue possesses unique mechanical
  characteristics

5
Loading

• To best understand the biomechanical
  characteristics of tissue, we examine its
  behavior under physical load
• Under load a tissue experiences deformation
• Deformation can be visualized through the
  deformation curve

6
High
Ultimate Failure
C
Elastic Limit
B
Load
Plastic Region
Elastic Region
A
Low
Large
Small
Deformation
7
High
Ultimate Failure
C
Elastic Limit
B
Elasticity capacity of a tissue to return to
its original shape after removal of load
Load
Plastic Region
Elastic Region
A
Low
Large
Small
Deformation
8
High
Ultimate Failure
C
Elastic Limit
B
Plastic region begins Tissue no longer possesses
elastic properties
Load
Plastic Region
Elastic Region
A
Low
Large
Small
Deformation
9
Permanent tissue deformation (does not return to
original shape) Results in micro-failure or
injury (e.g., sprains)
High
Ultimate Failure
C
Elastic Limit
B
Load
Plastic Region
Elastic Region
A
Low
Large
Small
Deformation
10
High
Ultimate Failure
C
Elastic Limit
Macro- or complete failure (e.g., torn
ligament) Tissue becomes completely unresponsive
to loads
B
Load
Plastic Region
Elastic Region
A
Low
Large
Small
Deformation
11
Area strength of the material
High
Ultimate Failure
C
Elastic Limit
B
Load
Plastic Region
Elastic Region
A
Low
Large
Small
Deformation
12
Slope stiffness (or resistance to deformation)
of the material
High
Ultimate Failure
C
Elastic Limit
B
Load
Plastic Region
Elastic Region
A
Low
Large
Small
Deformation
13
Tissues Response to Training Loads

• Training load ? elastic limit
• Micro-failure ? building new tissue
• Positive training effect
• Training load gt elastic limit
• Permanent failure
• Injury

14
Forces Acting on Tissue
15
Injury treatment and rehabilitation
16

• Treatment
• Received by patient from a health care
  professional
• Promotes healing
• Improves quality of injured tissue
• Allows quicker return to activity
• Rehabilitation
• Therapists restoration of injured tissue
  patient's participation
• Individualized for each person