Senses

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Senses Reflex
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Five Senses
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Sensory Receptors
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?????????? 1. Touch
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Touch Discrimination

• Receptor ?? skin ????????????????????????????
• ????????? receptors ???
• ????????? receptors ????
• ??????? 2 ??????????????????? ???? 2 cm
  (?????????????????)
• ??????? ?? subject
• ????????????????????? pressure 2 points
• ?????? 1 point --gt ??????????? ????????
• ?????? 2 points --gt ??????????? ????????

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• Site Threshold Site Threshold
• Distance Distance
• Fingers 2-3 mm Forearm 35 mm
• Upper Lip 5 mm Upper arm 39 mm
• Cheek 6 mm Back 39 mm
• Nose 7 mm Shoulder 41 mm
• Palm 10 mm Thigh 42 mm
• Forehead 15 mm Calf 45 mm
• Foot 20 mm Belly 30 mm

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?????????? 2. Smell Taste
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2.1 Tasty Buds
Salt Taste Salty water Sugar Taste Sugary water
Sour Taste Lemon juice Bitter Taste Quinine
solution or tonic water
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2.1 ??????????????????? ??????????

• Identify ??? ??? smell taste
• Blindfold
• ?????
• ???????

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?????????? 3 Hearing3.1 Ear Structure
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3.2 Deafness
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Hearing Levels

• Able to understand following
• speech level at arms legth Hearing loss
  equivalent
• Quiet whisper Normal
• Loud whisper 20-30 dB
• Quiet voice 30-45 dB
• Loud voice 45-60 dB
• Shout 60-80 dB

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Types of Deafness

• Sensorinueral hearing loss ?????????? cochlea
  (sensory) ??? cochlear nerve (neural)
• Conductive hearing loss ?????????? mechanism
  ??????? sound energy ??? outer ear ?? stapes ???
  oval window ????????? cochlea
• Bone conduction
• Air conduction

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3.2.1 Tuning Fork Test (Weber test)

• ???? 265 ???? 512 Hz tuning fork,
  ??????????????????????
• ???????????? 2 ???????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ???????????? conductive hearing loss
• ?????? 2 ?????????????????? bone conduction

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3.2.2 Rinne Test ????? Bone conduction ???Air
conduction
A.

• ???? tuning fork, ?????????????????? (bone
  conduction) --gt ????????????
• ??????? tuning fork ?????? 3 ???? (air
  conduction) --gt ????????????
• ?????????????????????

B.
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??????????? Rinne Test

• ???????????? positive test
• ???????????????????
• --gt air conduction
• ?????? bone conduction
• ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? negative
  test
• --gt bone conduction
• ?????? air conduction
• gt conductive loss

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?????????? 4 Vision4.1 Eye Structure
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4.2 Optical Illusion ????????

• ?????????????????????? (??????????)
  ?????????????????????????????
• Illusion Brain assumption

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??????????????? ??????????????
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????????? X shape
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????????? Triangle?
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?????????? 5 Reflex ArcKnee Jerk Reflex
(Patellar Reflex)

• Reflex ???? automatic response ??? stimulus
  ????????????
• monosynaptic reflex
• 1 synapse ?? neural circuit ??? complete reflex
• 50 milliseconds ??????????????????????????????
  leg kick

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Knee jerk reflex ??????????????? Nervous system
???????
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relay nerve fiber
motor nerve fiber
motor-end plate