2. ???? ??(Structural Grammar)

1
2. ???? ??(Structural Grammar)

• descriptive grammar (?? ??)
• data from spoken languages (??? ???? ??)
• 20C? ????? ???? ???
• ??? ???? ?? ? scientific analysis
• a. Language is science.
• b. Language is living.
• c. Language is changing.
• d. Language is for communication
• ????? ??? Behaviorism(???? ???)? ????
  ??-??(mimicry-memorize)? ??-??(stimulus-respond)?
  ??? ???
• ???, ???, pattern drill, open/closed classes, IC
  Cut ? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???.

2
3. (??) ?? ?? (Transformational Generative
Grammar)

• descriptive grammar (?? ??)
• Saussure (1857-1913)
• Saussure (1914/1916) Cours de linguistique
  générale
• (Course in
  General Linguistics)
• langue vs. parole
• signified(??) vs. signifier(??)
• ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??.
• Chomsky (1957) ???? ??? ???? ??
• innate linguistic abilities of learning a
  language linguistic growth
• poverty of stimulus (??? ??)
• deep/underlying vs. surface structures
• linguistic competence vs. linguistic performance

3
?? ??? ??? ??
René Descartes (1596-1650), rationalism
(???? ? ????)
Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), creativity
(???, ??? ??? ???)

• ??? ?? ??
• (Poverty of Stimulus, ??? ??)
• ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??.
• ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????.
• ???? ????? ???? ?? ???,
• ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????.