Land and Hold Short Operations

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Land and Hold Short Operations

• (LAHSO)

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IMPLEMENTATION

• On April 11, 1997, the FAA expanded and replaced,
  Simultaneous Operations on Intersecting Runways
  (SOIR) with LAHSO.
• (Order 7110.118)
• The LAHSO procedures presented in this program
  became effective on August 14, 2000.

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BACKGROUND

• Notice sets standards for
• LAHSO intersecting runway
• LAHSO intersecting taxiway
• LAHSO approach/departure flight path
• LAHSO of a pre-determined point

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Purpose

• Establishes air traffic control procedures to
  increase airport capacity without compromising
  safety.

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DEFINITIONS

• Land and Hold Short Operations The practice of
  conducting simultaneous operations on two
  intersecting runways, LAHSO includes landing
  operations to hold short of an intersecting
  runway, taxiway, predetermined point, or an
  approach or departure path. (LAHSO)

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DEFINITIONS

• Available Landing Distance (ALD) That portion
  of the runway available for landing and rollout.
  The distance is measured from the landing
  threshold to the hold-short point.

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DEFINITIONS

• REQUIRED LANDING DISTANCE The FAA approved
  AFM/POH distance over a 50 foot obstacle for the
  configuration, environment, and weight plus 1000
  feet.

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DEFINITIONS

• Dry Runway A dry runway has no visible moisture
  on the runway surface, to include standing water,
  ice, snow, slush, or frost in any form.

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Definitions

• Hold short point A point on the runway beyond
  which a landing aircraft with a LAHSO clearance
  is not authorized to proceed.

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DEFINITIONS

• Land and Hold Short Lights Six or seven
  in-pavement, pulsing white lights at the LAHSO
  hold short point.

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DEFINITIONS

• Vertical Guidance
• Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
• Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)

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DEFINITIONS

• Rejected Landing A rejected landing is when the
  pilot in command elects to go around.

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DEFINITIONS

• Rejected Landing Procedure (RLP) A published,
  predetermined heading to be used in the event of
  a rejected landing.

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DEFINITIONS

• Mixed Operations LAHSO conducted between an air
  carrier and any other type of aircraft operation.
  

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DEFINITIONS

• Stabilized Approach Concept This concept is
  based on the pilots ability to maintain a stable
  speed, descent rate, vertical flight path, and
  aircraft configuration during the final approach.
  

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GA SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

• Student pilots conducting solo operations shall
  not participate in LAHSO.
• Experimental aircraft for which no certificated
  landing data is available shall not participate
  in LAHSO.

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GA WEATHER MINIMUMS

• Only on dry runways
• Ceiling of no less than 1000 feet
• visibility of no less than 3 statute miles
• Not authorized if windshear has been reported
  within the previous 20 minutes
• No LAHSO with a tailwind
• No inoperative equipment

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PLANNING

• PREFLIGHT - PIC shall become familiar with LAHSO
  information for each airport of intended landing
  (14 CFR 91.103)
• INFLIGHT PIC shall determine LAHSO capability
  as soon as possible after notification

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PLANNING

• When ATIS is acknowledged, PIC will advise ATC if
  LAHSO cannot be accepted.
• A LAHSO clearance shall not be accepted if issued
  after the aircraft has descended below 1000 AGL
  on final.

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PLANNING

• The PIC has the final authority to accept or
  decline any Land and Hold Short clearance. The
  safety and operation of the aircraft remain the
  responsibility of the pilot.
• The PIC is expected to decline a LAHSO clearance
  if he determines it will comprise safety.

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ATIS NOTIFICATION

• Possible announcements
• LAHSO in effect, or
• Expect landing on Runway 22 to hold short of
  Runway 27
• ALD for the LAHSO

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REQUIRED LANDING DISTANCES

• The PIC is responsible for determining the
  required distance for LAHSO and that it does not
  exceed the ALD.
• The landing distance will be the FAA approved
  AFM/POH landing distance over a 50 obstacle,
  plus 1000 feet for the configuration,
  environment, and actual weight.

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MINIMUM DISTANCES

• The minimum distance required to conduct LAHSO
  will be 2,500 feet of the ALD on the Hold short
  runway. The distance will be measured from the
  landing threshold to the hold short point.

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VISUAL AIDS

• Runway hold short position markings shall be
  installed.
• Runway hold short position signs shall be
  installed at each point and located on both sides
  of the runway.
• During mixed operations when full runway lengths
  will be available, in-pavement hold short lights
  will be ON.

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VERTICAL GUIDANCE

• Air carrier and or mixed LAHSO are only
  authorized on a runway that has electronic or
  visual glide slope indicator.
• Nighttime LAHSO may only be conducted with visual
  glide slope indicator.

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REJECTED LANDINGS

• Once accepted, a LAHSO clearance must be complied
  with, unless the PIC determines the need for a
  rejected landing. In the event of a rejected
  landing, the pilot should maintain safe
  separation from other aircraft and should
  promptly notify ATC.

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REJECTED LANDING

• Must be initiated within the first third of the
  ALD or 3,000 feet whichever is less.
• Heading and/or altitude assignments must be flown
  as published until directed otherwise by ATC

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TRAINING

• Review pertinent sections of the AIM.
• Attendance at FAA or industry seminar that
  include LAHSO.
• Successful completion of a flight review that
  includes LAHSO procedures.
• Successful completion of a flight instructor
  refresher clinic that includes LAHSO.

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Questions
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1. True or False The Purpose of Land and Hold
Short Operations (LAHSO) is to increase airport
capacity by allowing simultaneous operations on
intersecting runways.

• True

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2. When ATC issues a LAHSO clearanceA. The
pilot is required to accept the clearance.B.
The pilot can decline the clearance regardless of
circumstances.C. The pilot can decline the
clearance only under certain circumstances
outlined in the AIM.

• Answer B

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3. True or False The available landing
distance is listed in the Airport/Facility
Directory (AFD) for all airport that have LAHSO
operations.

• True

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4. True or false The ALD is calculated on
pilots flying the VASI or glide slope to the
touchdown point.

• False

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The ALD is calculated on the following
factorsa. Distance from the threshold to the
hold short point.b. Distance from the VASI
touchdown point to the hold short point.c.
Distance from the threshold to the intersecting
runway.

• Answer a

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Although ATC will tell you the distance to the
intersection, you must calculate your landing
distance based on a. Temperature b. Wind c.
Elevation d. Speed e. All of the above

• Answer e

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7. True of false LAHSO clearances will not be
issued if there is a potential for wake
turbulence.

• False

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8. True or False LAHSO operations will be
suspended for 20 minutes if wind shear is
reported.

• True

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Be cautious of accepting a LAHSO clearance if
a. There is a possibility of wake encounter.b.
Thunderstorms are in the vicinity.c. The
runway has a displaced threshold.d. All of the
above.

• Answer d

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10. True or False Go-arounds are prohibited
during LAHSO.

• False

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REMEMBERSafety is a learned behaviorLearn to be
safe