RAH Day 3 Agenda

1
RAH Day 3 Agenda

• Goal to understand how the US responded to the
  perceived threat of the USSR during the early
  Cold War and to evaluate the effectiveness of
  this response.
• Questions from homework
• Review how Yalta and Potsdam conferences helped
  lead to Cold War
• Understanding Bias finish reading packet p 3.
  How do the two viewpoints differ?
• As you read underline evidence that shows
  causes of the Cold War
• Make a list of the reasons the US can be blamed
  and a list for why the USSR can be blamed for
  causing the Cold War
• Complete p 4.
• Complete (packet 5) How did U.S. respond to
  increased tensions from 1945 to 1950? -
  containment
• Complete (Packet 6 and 7) about containment
  policy
• Marshall Plan (Packet 8 and 9)

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By JIM WEBB and CHUCK HAGELPublished November
9, 2007
A Post-Iraq G.I. Bill
MEMBERS of Congress and other political leaders
often say that the men and women who have served
in our military since 9/11 are the new greatest
generation. Well, heres a thought from two
infantry combat veterans of the Vietnam eras
wounded generation if you truly believe that
our Iraq and Afghanistan veterans are like those
who fought in World War II, let us provide them
with the same G.I. Bill that was given to the
veterans of that war.
November 9, 2007Editorial An Overdue Step for
Equal Justice With its vote on Wednesday in
favor of a bill to outlaw discrimination in
employment based on sexual orientation, the House
scored a significant, if long overdue,
breakthrough for equality and fairness. The
Senate should now pass its own bill, and
President Bush should sign this guarantee into
law.
3
Under the Sun Wallace era is long gone, but
discrimination lives on By Harold Jackson The man
who tried to assassinate George Wallace will soon
be free after spending 35 years in a Maryland
prison It's hard to believe that 30 years after
I couldn't make myself shake George Wallace's
hand, there are still places in America where
people can't even stand under a tree without
being threatened because of their skin color.
4
Potsdam Conference

• Potsdam (July 1945) Truman, Stalin and
  Churchill (Atlee halfway through conference)
• - Agreed to division of Germany into 4 zones
• - Agreed to USSR entering war against Japan
  within weeks
• - disagreement over elections (Stalin
  essentially cancelled elections and set up puppet
  regimes)
• - disagreement over war reparations from Germany
  and future of Germany (Stalin punished Germany
  while Western allies helped rebuild Germany)
• - Stalin and Truman dont like or trust each
  other (Truman found out he had the A-bomb so
  started bossing Stalin around.)

5
Who is at Fault?

• USSR at fault
• failed to live up to promises
• No free elections
• Used force to put communist regimes in E.
  Europe
• Failed to remove troops from Iran
• Threatened to spread communism
• Civil war in Greece led by communist rebels
• Threats to Turkeys straits to Med.
• Spy ring found in Canada looking for nuclear
  secrets

• US at fault
• Truman did not live up understanding of Soviet
  sphere in E. Europe
• Truman tried to intimidate Stalin
• US was hypocritical in keeping its Western Hemi.
  Sphere of influence
• Truman declared the cold war

6
Reasons Soviets can be blamed

1. Stalin broke his promise to hold Free elections
   in Poland and established a communist government
   under his control there instead.
2. Supported forces in Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary
   and established communist governments under
   Soviet control there, too.
3. Annexed the Baltic states (Latvia, Lithuania and
   Estonia)
4. Refused, at first, to withdraw troops from Iran
5. Put pressure on Turkey to give USSR control of
   the straits leading from Med to Black Sea
6. Set up Spy Rings in Canada in order to steal
   atomic secrets from the west.
7. Communists were trying to overthrow the
   government in Greece
8. Stalin gave a threatening speechCapitalismweapon
   ry
9. Soviet-backed communists seized control of
   Czechoslovakia

7
Reasons US can be blamed

• Truman was deeply suspicious of the Soviets
• Truman made a big deal out of Soviet control of
  Eastern Europe after Churchill and Roosevelt had
  agreed it was within the Soviet Sphere of
  Influence.
• Truman tried to intimidate Stalin with Atomic
  Bomb
• Truman made it appear that the Soviets were a
  threat to the whole world. He declared the Cold
  War in his Truman Doctrine

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Truman Doctrine Transcript
9
Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947
Policy a statement of US foreign policy
generally to oppose the spread of Soviet
influence. Specifically it was an argument to
Congress to scare them into approving spending
400million to help Greece and Turkey in 1947.
Purpose to stop the spread of Soviet influence
in Greece and Turkey, and then the rest of the
world. Soviet reaction Soviets felt threatened
and thus further supported Communist
governments throughout the world including China
and Korea. Evaluation of success the doctrine
was successful in Greece, Turkey, Western Europe,
(Including Berlin) and Korea. But failed in
China, North Korea, Vietnam and Cuba
10
Economic cooperation Act the Marshall Plan
11
Post War Devastation
12
Post War Devastation
Marshall Plan rebuilds the town
13
Marshall Plan proposed 1947, passed into law
April 3, 1948
Policy a Congressional law called the Foreign
Assistance Act that authorized the US government
to spend up to 13billion over 4 years in Europe.
Purpose 1. to stop the spread of Soviet
influence in Europe, 2. To help Europe rebuild
after the devastation of WWII, 3. To link
countries together through trade to help prevent
war, 4. To help the US economy grow. Soviet
reaction Soviets felt threatened and thought
the US was trying to undermine their system and
turned down the aid for the USSR and Eastern
Europe. Evaluation of success the most
successful foreign policy ever implemented by the
US all goals were achieved
14
Berlin Airlift
15
Berlin Airlift June 1948-May 1949
Policy 11 months of 277,000 flights into
Templehof airport containing supplies of oil,
coal, food and clothing. Purpose to stop the
spread of communist influence in Berlin, to
prevent the fall of Berlin to the communists, to
show the world our resolve in containing
communism and to keep a bastion of democracy
behind the Iron curtain. Soviet reaction
Soviets felt threatened but did not want war, so
finally backed down and let West Berlin stay
connected to West Germany Evaluation of success
very successful, all goals achieved. Led to
strong economic, military and political ties with
Germany to this very day. US still has major
military bases in Germany
16
NATO
NATO Flag
Map of Expansion of NATO US and Canada were
original founding members of the alliance not
depicted on map
17
Creation of NATO 1949
Policy military alliance linking Canada and US
to Western Europe Purpose to stop the spread of
communist influence in W. Europe, to help prevent
war in Europe, and to act as a mutual defense
arrangement, protecting its members from Soviet
aggression. Soviet reaction Soviets felt
threatened and created the Warsaw Pact in
1955 Evaluation of success very successful, all
goals achieved. NATO still exists today,
protecting the peace in Europe. No NATO
countries fell to communism. But helped to lead
to the arms race and the development and
deployment of dangerous weapons in Europe and the
world.
18
Chinese Civil War
VS.
Guo Mindong Chinese Nationalist Party led by
CCP Chinese Communist Party led by
US tries to mediate war but then helps Jiang
Mao Zedong
Jiang Jieshi
19
Support for Jiang Jieshis Guo Mindong (the
Nationalists) government in China
Policy military and economic assistance to
Chinese government of President Jiang
Jieshi Purpose to stop the spread of communist
influence in China by giving military hardware
and training to the Nationalist Army and to give
economic aid so that Jiangs government would be
successful in helping his people Soviet reaction
Soviets and Chinese Communists felt threatened
Soviets briefly aided Mao Zedongs Communists,
and helped to lead to Korean War Evaluation of
success failed the Communists under Mao
Zedong won the civil war in 1949 and kicked the
Guo Mindong to Taiwan.
20
Korean War - Active map of Korean War
Policy military invasion by US and UN
forces Purpose to stop the spread of communism
into South Korea by defending South Korea after
it was attacked by North Korea under the
leadership Kim Il Sung Soviet reaction Soviets
were happy that the US interest was not solely
focused on Europe. Chinese Communists felt
threatened and entered to war on NK side in
November 1950. Continued animosity between US
and China for 20 more years. Evaluation of
success a success when looking at main goal of
defending South Korea, which did not fall to
communists and is an independent successful
democracy today. But a failure if viewed as
intending to rid all of Korea of communist
control.