Leadership

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Leadership

• PHED 1027
• Week 8
• March 4th

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Last Call

• Standard First Aid
• March 8, 9th (approx. 9-4PM)
• 100.00
• Contact Michelle in the gym office
• Michelle.zurawski_at_canadorec.on.ca

3
NCCP Opportunity

• Introduction to Competition - PART A (multi)
• Wednesday evenings, 7-10 PM (H112)
• March 19th, March 26th, April 2nd
• 90.00, cheques payable to North Bay Youth
  Volleyball Club (or cash) to Barb
• Deadline for registration Wednesday, March 12th

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Leadership

• Remember our definition?
• A unique combination of individual qualities
  which enable others to achieve collective and
  personal goals.
• The quality of having an intentional positive
  influence on the lives and behaviours of others.
  (CAHPERD)

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Chelladurais elements of leadership

• Leadership is a behavioural process
• Leadership is interpersonal in nature
• Leadership is aimed at influencing and motivating
  members toward group or organizational goals

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Leader Behaviour...

• An historical perspective

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A Classic Rivalry...

• OHIO STATE VS.
• Leader is concerned about members well-being
• Well defined roles within the organization

• MICHIGAN
• Leader is concerned with employee orientation
• Focuses on productivity

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The Problem?

• Leader behaviours are not easily categorized into
  one or two areas
• More recently, research has identified many more
  dimensions of leader behaviour (e.g. Yukl
  identified 11)
• Chelladurai and Saleh (1980) have identified only
  5 dimensions of sport leadership behaviour

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Dimensions of Leader Behaviour in Sport
(Chelladurai Saleh, 1980)

• Training and instruction
• Social support
• Positive feedback
• Democratic behaviour
• Autocratic behaviour

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BUT....

• Leader behaviours are only one piece of the
  puzzle the characteristics of the INDIVIDUALS
  with whom the leader works and the SITUATION also
  define leadership.
• Several theories have been proposed which suggest
  that behaviour is CONTEXTUAL

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So...

• Chelladurai has proposed a model that combines
  current theories of leadership
• The model focuses on three states of leader
  behaviour
• Required (expectations, limits)
• Preferred (by members)
• Actual (adaptive reactive behaviours)

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Antecedent variables

• Variables that exist prior to the observed leader
  behaviour

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Antecedents

• Situational Characteristics size of the group,
  location , task, goals, norms, etc.
• Leader Characteristics qualities, skills, norms,
  codes of conduct, organizational goals, etc.
• Member characteristics age, ability, etc.

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Multidimensional Model of Leadership(Chelladura
i, 1990)
Antecedents
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Situational Characteristics
Required
Performance Satisfaction
Leader Characteristics
Actual
Member Characteristics
Preferred
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Situational Characteristics Required Behaviour

• How is the conduct of a paid coach different from
  a volunteer coach?
• How is the required behaviour of a coach
  different from that of the Athletic Director?
• Codes of conduct and social norms in various
  contexts form the situational characteristics
  affecting leadership behaviour

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Multidimensional Model of Leadership(Chelladura
i, 1990)
Antecedents
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Situational Characteristics
Required
Performance Satisfaction
Leader Characteristics
Actual
Member Characteristics
Preferred
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Member Characteristics Required Behaviour

• How do the demands upon the leader differ when
  coming from
• a) a volunteer or b) a professional or paid
  employee?
• How does the leader behaviour differ when dealing
  with
• Youth volunteers or b) Senior volunteers?
• The nature of the group will influence the
  required leader behaviour in a specific situation

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Multidimensional Model of Leadership(Chelladura
i, 1990)
Antecedents
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Situational Characteristics
Required
Performance Satisfaction
Leader Characteristics
Actual
Member Characteristics
Preferred
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Situational Characteristics Preferred Behaviour

• How much guidance does a maintenance worker (e.g.
  routine tasks) require versus an athlete?
• How does preferred behaviour differ between an
  individual sport versus a team sport?
• Leader behaviour should reflect the nature of the
  tasks

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Multidimensional Model of Leadership(Chelladura
i, 1990)
Antecedents
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Situational Characteristics
Required
Performance Satisfaction
Leader Characteristics
Actual
Member Characteristics
Preferred
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Member Characteristics Preferred Behaviour

• How will a coachs behaviour differ between a
  rookie and a veteran player?
• How will a coachs behaviour differ between a
  highly motivated athlete and a less motivated
  athlete?
• Individual differences influence members
  preferences for particular leader behaviours

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Multidimensional Model of Leadership(Chelladura
i, 1990)
Antecedents
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Situational Characteristics
Required
Performance Satisfaction
Leader Characteristics
Actual
Member Characteristics
Preferred
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Actual Leader Behaviour

• Adaptive behaviour (situation)
• Reactive behaviour (members)
• These two forms of behaviour are a function of
  the leaders PERSONALITY ABILITY
• What type of leader are you?

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Leadership Style Personality Type

• Complete the questionnaire to determine your
  personality profile as it relates to leadership
• Tear off the score sheet at the back
• What are your dominant traits?

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How can you use this information?

• Recognize that we each approach challenges in
  different ways
• Dealing with those differences is a key
  leadership skill particularly if you are in a
  position to build a team
• There is no CORRECT personality all styles have
  an important role to play in your organization
• The key is to recognize which styles work best
  together

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Where do you place yourself?

• Member Self
• Juggler Planner
• Thinker Empathizer
• Closer Researcher

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Multidimensional Model of Leadership(Chelladura
i, 1990)
Antecedents
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Situational Characteristics
Required
Performance Satisfaction
Leader Characteristics
Actual
Preferred
Member Characteristics
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Performance Satisfaction

• The degree to which the three state of leader
  behaviour are congruent ? in other words, how
  closely does the actual behaviour come to the
  preferred and required behaviours?

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Multidimensional Model of Leadership(Chelladura
i, 1990)
Antecedents
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Situational Characteristics
Required
Performance Satisfaction
Leader Characteristics
Actual
Preferred
Member Characteristics
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FEEDBACK

• Good leaders alter their behaviour to better suit
  the situation and the needs of members
• In other words, they are TRANSFORMATIONAL leaders

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Transformational Leaders

• Visionary
• Affect the emotions, values, goals, self-esteem
  and needs of members
• Influence the aspirations of members so that they
  put forth greater effort and thus, exceed
  performance expectations

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Dimensions of the Transformational
Leader(Rafferty Griffin, 2004)

• Vision
• Inspirational Communication
• Supportive Leadership
• Intellectual Stimulation
• Personal Recognition
• Can you think of a transformational leader in
  sport?

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What about CHARISMA?

• A personal gift or resource that leaders
  exploit successfully in transforming their
  organization and their members
• Charismatic leaders make you want to follow!
• Followers hold the leader in high regard as a
  superhuman or a hero
• Who do you feel is a charismatic leader?