?????????????????? -

1
??????????????????-??????????-

• ????????????????????????
• ?? ?

2
???????
3
???
4
???
5
??
6
??? (old) -???? (new)
7
??????

• ?????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????(Goldstein
  Gigerenzer, 1999, 2002)
• ???????10,000????? (Standing, 1973)

8
????????

• ????????????(dual-process model)
• ?? (recollection) ????????????
• ??? (familiarity) ???????????

9
???????????

• ?????????
• Global Matching Model (??????)
• ??????????(??????)
• ?????????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, L. L.)
• Remember-Know?? (Gardiner, J. M.)
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, A. P.)
• ????????????????????

10
???????????

• ?????????
• Global Matching Model (??????)
• ??????????(??????)
• ?????????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, L. L.)
• Remember-Know?? (Gardiner, J. M.)
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, A. P.)
• ????????????????????

11
Global Matching Model

• ???????????????(Clark Gronlund,1996)
• TODAM (Murdock, 1982, 1983), SAM (Gillund
  Shiffrin, 1984), MINERVA2 (Hintzman, 1984, 1988)
  ??.

Matching??(?????)
12
???? (signal detection) ???
P (newnew), or P (correct rejection)
13
???? (signal detection) ???
Old??
New??
???????
??(C)
P (oldnew), or P (false alarm)
14
???? (signal detection) ???
Old??
New??
???????
??(C)
P (oldold), or P (hit)
15
???? (signal detection) ???
Old??
New??
d
???????
??(C)
P (newold), or P (miss)
16
Global Matching Model????

• ????????????????????????? (Ratcliff et al., 1992,
  ??????)

• Variant ?????
• Unequal Variance Model
• Latent Mixture Model (DeCarlo, 2002)

17
???????????

• ?????????
• Global Matching Model (??????)
• ??????????(??????)
• ?????????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, L. L.)
• Remember-Know?? (Gardiner, J. M.)
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, A. P.)
• ????????????????????

18
??????????

• ??????????????!
• Atkinson Juola (1974) ????
• ????????????????????

19

• Mandler (1980) ????
• ???? (R)???????????
• ????? (F)??????intraitem integration
• Rg F R FR ( R (1 R) F )
• ?????????????????,????????
• Jacoby Dallas (1980)????????????????????????

• P (oldold)

20
??????????????

• ?????????????2????
• ?????????????? (R)
• ??????????????????? (F)

?????????????

• 2??????????????
• process-pure???????(Reingold Merikle, 1990)
• ?????????????????

21
???????????

• ?????????
• Global Matching Model (??????)
• ??????????(??????)
• ?????????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, L. L.)
• Remember-Know?? (Gardiner, J. M.)
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, A. P.)
• ????????????????????

22
??????(process dissociation procedure)

• Jacoby (1991) ???2?????!

(1) 2??????????
23
(2) 2???????????
???A ???B ???????
????? (inclusion test) old old new
????? (exclusion test) new old new
(3) ????????????????R?F????
?? p (old list A) R F RF
?? p (old list A) F RF
24
??????
1.????????
?? p (old list A) R F RF R (1 R)
F
?? p (old list A) F RF (1 R)F

2.????????
?? p (old list A) R F RF R
? F
?? p (old list A) F RF F R
n F
25
??????

• 3.multinomial model????? (Buchner et al., 1995
  Wainwright Reingold, 1996)

p (old list A) R (1 R ) F R F RF
26
??????
3.multinomial model????? (Buchner et al., 1995
Wainwright Reingold, 1996)
p (old list A) (1 R ) F F RF
27
????

• ????????????????,???????? (e.g., Jacoby et al.,
  1993 Long Prat, 2002 Toth et al., 1994)
• ????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, Toth Yonelinas, 1994)
• Stroop?? (Lindsay Jacoby, 1994)
• ????????? (Yonelinas et al., 1994)
• ???,???????????

28
??????????
R?F??????
new???????False Alarm?????? (Buchner et al.,
1995 Roediger McDermott, 1994 Wainwright
Reingold, 1996)
R?F????????????? (Komatsu Graf, 1994 Dodson et
al., 1996)
R?F?????????????????(Mulligan
Hirshman, 1997 Brainerd et al., 1997)
29
??????

• R?F?????????????? (Jones, 1987 Joordens
  Merikle, 1993)
• ??p (RnF) p (R) p (F)???????
• ??p (RnF) f (R?F????????)
• ??p (RnF) p (F) (R????F???)
• ?????????????(df 0????)
• p (R) ? p ( F R not occurred ) ?????
• ???????? p (F) ??

30
??????/????????

• R???F??????? (Curran Hintzman, 1995)
• ??/??? ?????????
• ???????????????,????,???????????? (Jacoby
  Shrout, 1997)

31
1 0
1 .14 .19
0 .28 .38
1 0
1 .10 .15
0 .30 .45
1 0
1 .29 .20
0 .31 .20
R
1 0
1 .20 .30
0 .20 .30
1 0
1 .08 .32
0 .12 .48
1 0
1 .14 .19
0 .30 .37
F


1 0
1 .28 .05
0 .12 .55
1 0
1 .08 .12
0 .22 .58
1 0
1 .28 .19
0 .12 .41
32
??????/????????

• R???F??????? (Curran Hintzman, 1995)
• ??/??? ?????????
• ???????????????,????,???????????? (Jacoby
  Shrout, 1997)
• ???????R?F???????(e.g., Jacoby, 1998)
• ???????????????? (Hirshman, 1998)
• ????????????????? (Ratcliff et al., 1995)

??????????/??????(e.g., Norman OReilly
(2003)chicken-egg problem)
33
???????????

• ?????????
• Global Matching Model (??????)
• ??????????(??????)
• ?????????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, L. L.)
• Remember-Know?? (Gardiner, J. M.)
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, A. P.)
• ????????????????????

34
Remember-Know ??

• ????????????????
• ???????????Remember??
• ???????????Know??
• ???????????????
• Tulving (1985) ???,Gardiner (1988) ???
• ??????????? (Rajaram, 1993??)
• R?K??????????????
• ??????????????? (Tulving, 1985)
• ?????????(Gardiner Richardson-Klavehn, 2000)
• ?????? (Yonelinas, 2002)

35
Remember-Know ??????1

• Remember???Know????????
• P (RnF) ?????????????????
• ??Yonelinas Jacoby (1995) ?
• ??Gardiner (1988), Gardiner Java (1990) ?
• ??Knowlton Squire (1995) ?????

P (remember) P (R)P (know) P (F) P (RnF)
????????????????
36
Remember-Know ??????2

• ???????????
• R-K??????????????????

????R-K??????????????!
37
?????????????(1)

• C1, C2????????????,d (or A)???????? (Donaldson,
  1996?????)
• Gardiner Gregg (1998), Gardiner et al. (2002)
  ?????????
• Dunn (2004), MacMillan et al. (2005) ????

38
?????????????(2)

• ?????????????????

?R?????,K???
R???gt???
39
?????????????(2)

• ?????????????????
• Dunn (2004)????????????

?R?????,K???
???
???
K??? ???
New??
????
C1
C2
40
???????????

• ?????????
• Global Matching Model (??????)
• ??????????(??????)
• ?????????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, L. L.)
• Remember-Know?? (Gardiner, J. M.)
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, A. P.)
• ????????????????????

41
???????????

• ?????????????????
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, 1994, 1997)
• ?????????????????????
• New????????????????
• ?????????(?????ROC??)??????????,R ? d (F) ???

• p (old old) R (1 R) F

• p (old old ) R (1 R)Fd/2 c
• p (old new ) F d/2 c

42
??????

• ???????ROC???????

????????????(Ratcliff et al., 1992 Yonelinas et
al., 1996)
43
??????

• ???????ROC???????
• ???
• ?????????????????????????????????
• Unequal Variance ?????????ROC??????? (Heathcoate,
  2003)???????????

44
???????????

• ?????????
• Global Matching Model (??????)
• ??????????(??????)
• ?????????????
• ?????? (Jacoby, L. L.)
• Remember-Know?? (Gardiner, J. M.)
• ??????????? (Yonelinas, A. P.)
• ????????????????????

45
?????????

• ????????????????????
• ?????????
• Remember-Know?????,????
• ??????????????,????
• ??????????
• Jacoby, Yonelinas?Gardiner????????

46
???????????????????????????

• ????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????,??????????
• ???
• ????????????????????

47
???????
48
???????

• ???????????? (Rugg Yonelinas, 2003)
• ?????? (hippocampus) ???
• ????????? (parahippocampal gyrus) ???

49
???????

• ???????????? (Rugg Yonelinas, 2003)
• ?????? (hippocampus) ???
• ????????? (parahippocampal gyrus) ???

??F?????????????? Xiang Brown (1998)
???Yonelinas et al., (1998)Aggleton Brown
(1999)Vargha-Khadem et al. (1997)
????????,???????.F?R?????????
????2???
50
???????
???
??????
????????
???????
R
F
?????
???????
???????
F
R
51
???????
???
??????
????????
???????
R
F
?????
???????
???????
F
R
52
???????

• ????????????????
• ????????????????????? (cf. Marr, 1982)???????
• ?? (R) ???? (F) ?2??
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????? (Ericsson Simon, 1993)

53
???????
???
??????
????????
???????
R
F
?????
???????
???????
F
R
54
???????
???
??????
????????
???????
R
F
?????
???????
???????
F
R
55
????????

• ???????????????1???
• ??????????????? (Kihlstrom, 1987 Nisbett
  Wilson, 1977 LeDoux, 1996 Libet, 2004 Wegner,
  2004)
• ????????????????,??????????????? (Cacioppo
  Berntson, 1994)
• ????1?????????????
• ???????????

56
???????
???
??????
????????
???????
R
F
?????
???????
???????
F
R
57
?????????

• ???????
• ?????????????????????
• Remember-Know???
• ??????????????????? (cf. Leobe Whittlesea,
  2002 Whittlesea, 2002, 2003)
• ???,??????????????????
• ???????????
• ????????????????????
• ??????????,????????

58
???????
???
??????
????????
???????
F
R
?????
???????
???????
F
R
59
???????
60
???????
61
???????
62
??????

• ???????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ???????????,???????????,?????????????.
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????? (Baars et al., 2003)

63
The End of Presentation
Thank you!
Murayama Kou
?????????murakou_at_orion.ocn.ne.jp????????
64
R?F????????

• ????????????????????? (involuntary conscious
  memory) ?R???(Richardson-Klavehn et al., 1994)
• ??????????? (partial recollection) ???R?????
  (Mulligan Hirshman, 1997)
• Grupusso et al. (1997)??????R????
• Buchner et al. (1997)????????????????????????
• ?????(false recollection)??????(Dodson et al.,
  1996)
• Brainerd et al. (1999)Conjoint Recognition Model

65
?????????????(3)

• ??K?criterion???????????

K??
New??
Old??
????
C1
C2
66
?????????????(3)

• ??K?criterion???????????

K??
New??
Old??
????
C1
C2
67
?????????????(3)

• ??K?criterion???????????

K??
New??
Old??
????
C1
C2
68
?????????????(3)

• ??K?criterion???????????
• criterion???????? (e.g., Benjamin, 2005 Strack
  Forster, 1995),d(K)?criterion???? (e.g., Inoue
  Belleza, 1998)
• Guessing (G) ??????? (e.g., Gardiner et al.,
  1997)
• Dunn (2004), MacMillan et al. (2005) ????

K??
New??
Old??
????
C1
C2