Agriculture in Transition Sociology 325

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Agriculture in TransitionSociology 325

• Dr. Paul Lasley
• Tomoko Ogawa
• Jolene Glenn

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Your Connection to 325

•  www.soc.iastate.edu/class/soc325.html

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Course Objectives
1. Understanding of the historical basis of U.S.
agriculture and rural society. 2. Overview of
major decisions and events that shaped our food
and fiber system. 3. Provide a framework to
anticipate the future and how these trends
impact upon rural society, families and
individuals. 4. Provide linkage between
large-scale macro forces and career options
and opportunities.
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Textbooks for Class

• The Development of American Agriculture, Williard
  Cochrane
• Plus assigned readings from guest lecturers

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Class Evaluation

• Attendance and Participation 15
• Term Paper 20
• Exam 1 20
• Exam 2 20
• Final Exam 25

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325 XW Class Evaluation

• Participation 5 percent
• Ethics term paper 10 percent
• County agricultural transition
• term paper 25 percent
• First hourly exam 20 percent
• Second hourly exam 20 percent
• Comprehensive final exam 20 percent

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Course is divided into 3 main periods...
Unit 1 Colonial Period 1607 - 1800 Pioneering
Period 1800 - 1900 Unit 2 Modernization 1900
- 1945 Industrialization 1945 - present Unit
3 Re-integration 1990 Commercialization
Bio-genetics future
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Questions we want to Explore

• How has agriculture and rural life changed?
• By what mechanism or forces has caused these
  changes? (What accounts for these changes?)
• What are the expected changes in the future?
• What are the consequences (both positive and
  negative) of these changes?

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Twin Pillars of Rural Culture
Structure ofAgriculture
RuralCommunities
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Is it agriculture or agri culture?
Culture Values Beliefs
Behaviors
Lifestyle
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Worldwide
Global
International
Foreign
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Defining a farm

• What is a farm?
• What is agriculture?
• What is a family farm?
• What other types of farm exist?

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Official Definition
FARM -- according to U.S. Census of Agriculture
is any unit that has agricultural sales of 1,000
or more per year
6.8
1.9
1920
2002
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Family Farm According to Lasley

• Labor
• Capital
• Management
• Land Ownership
• Residency
• Dependency

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The 3 Sectors of Agriculture
INPUT PRODUCTION OUTPUT
(Supply) (Farm) (Processing)
Transportation Slaughterers Canners Millers Whole
salers Retailers
Seed Fertilizer Machinery Credit Fuel Pesticides S
cience/ Extension
Where actual production takes place
Farm people Farm organizations Farm communities
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What is the difference between a farm and a
factory?
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Culture and Agriculture

• Chapter 1
• An introduction to
• Transitions In Agriculture

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Dominate Values of Agriculture and Rural
Communities

• Freedom to make own decisions/independence
• Opportunity for self Improvement
• A worthwhile occupation
• Way of life as well as business
• Work outdoors/with nature
• Place to raise a family

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Rural Communtiy Characteristics

• Common Societal Characteristics of Rural/Farm
  communities
• Open many opportunities to go into farming
• Equality autocratic businesses can be formed
• Integration of work and family (farming is a
  lifestyle)
• Socialization of children though work
• Homogeneous society
• Culture dominated by agrarian issues

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Population Residency
Urban Population Rural Non-farm population Farm
Population
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Population Residency
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What is the future of Agriculture?
Can agriculture progress positively from its
current point? Will it simply continue at a
status quo? Is the only direction we go from
here a negative one?