Recent Developments in European Competition law

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????????

• Recent Developments in European Competition law
• Cartel enforcement
• Dr Ariel Ezrachi
• The University of Oxford Centre for Competition
  Law Policy

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Recent Debate????????????

• Cartel enforcement
  ???????????
• Private enforcement ???????????
• Dominance and the abuse of dominance
  ??????????????

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Extraterritorial Application
????????(1)

• What is Extraterritorial Application?
• Why it is necessary?

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Extraterritorial Application
????????(2)

• Examples involving Japanese Companies
• ???????????(2007)
• ???????????????
• ??????????? (2007) ???????????????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ???????????

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Three Major Tools 3????????

• Article 81 EC ????81?
• Article 81 EC ????82?
• The European Merger Regulation ??????

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The Wide Range of Article 81 ????81??????

• Agreement ??
• Object or Effect ????????? Price
  fixing ???? Market sharing ????
  Output limitation ???? Bid
  rigging ????
• Concerted Practice ????

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The Anticompetitive Effect of Cartel
????????(1)

• ????????????
• When theres no Cartel
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????

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9.5
9.5
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The Anticompetitive Effect of Cartel
????????(2)

• ????????????
• When a Cartel is formed
• ?????????????????????????????????????????

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The Anticompetitive Effect of Cartel
????????(3)

• ?????? Reduced Production
• ????? Rise of Price

??????
???????
D
Q
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The Leniency Programme ????????

• ???????????? Inherent Instability
• ?????? Fine Exemption
• ?????? Reducted Fine
• ???????? Marker System
• ?????? Non-disclosure of Information

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Investigation Powers ??????????

• ??????1/2003
• Article 1819 EC??????
• Article 20 EC?????
• Article 21????????????

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Administrative Fines
??????????(1)

• ?????????????
• New Guide Lines for Calculation
• ??????? Increase in Fines
• ????? Entry Fee
• ????? Repeated Offenders

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Administrative Fines
??????????(2)

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????3???????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ?????????! ??????????????
• ??????! ?????????????????!
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
• Commissioner Neelie Kroes

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Administrative Fines
??????????(3)

• 2005????? 1,088??
• 2006????? 2,280??
• 2007??1??? 3,200??

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Administrative Fines
??????????(4)

• Optimal Enforcement?
  ????????????
  EU?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????(???)???????????????????????
  ????????????
• Commissioner Neelie Kroes

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Administrative Fines
??????????(5)

• ???????????
• High deterrence? ??????
• Agency problems ??????
• ??????? Aggregated deterrent effect

• Multiple jurisdiction ??????????????
• Criminalisation ???(???)?????
• Directors disqualification ???????
• Private enforcement ???????????

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Criminalisation ????????

• OECD Competition Com.
• WP 3 Working Paper
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ?

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Directors Disqualification ????????

• ??????????????
• ??15??????

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Private Enforcement
???????????

• The public value of private actions
• ???????
• ???Ashurst Study
• ???Green Paper

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Concluding Remarks

• Bilateral Cooperation
  ??????????????
• Multinational Developments ??????
• Cumulative Effects
  ?????