Aerobic

1
Aerobic

• With Oxygen. If exercise is not too fast and is
  steady, the heart can supply all the oxygen
  muscles need.

2
Aesthetic Appreciation

• To be able to see the beauty in a performance.

3
Agility

• The ability to change the position of the body
  quickly and to control the movement of the whole
  body.

4
Anabolic steroids

• Drugs that mimic the male sex hormone
  testosterone and promote bone and muscle growth.

5
Anaerobic

• without oxygen. If exercise is done in short,
  fast bursts, the heart cannot supply blood and
  oxygen to muscles as the cells use them.

6
Anorexic

• Pertaining to anorexic a prolonged eating
  disorder due to loss of appetite.

7
Balance

• The ability to retain the body's centre of mass
  (gravity) above the base of support with
  reference to static (stationary), or dynamic
  (changing), conditions of movement, shape and
  orientation.

8
Balanced diet

• A diet which contains an optimal ratio of
  nutrients.

9
Beta blockers

• Drugs that are used to control heart rate and
  have a calming and relaxing effect.

10
Blood pressure

• Blood pressure is the force exerted by the heart
  as it pumps blood out of the heart and into the
  arteries (systolic high pressure) and it is low
  when it relaxes between beats (diastolic).

11
Body composition

• The percentage of body weight which is fat,
  muscle and bone.

12
Cardiac output

• The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one
  minute.

13
Cardiovascular fitness

• The ability to exercise the entire body for long
  periods of time.

14
Cholesterol

• Cholesterol is a blood fat which the body needs
  in moderate amounts.

15
Circuit training

• A set of 6 to 10 exercises performed at stations
  in an organised pattern. Each exercise is
  performed for a specified number of repetitions
  or for a prescribed time before moving on to the
  next exercise.

16
Competence

• The relationship between skill, the selection
  and application of skills, tactics, strategies
  and compositional ideas and the readiness of the
  body and mind to cope with the activity. It
  requires an understanding of how these combine to
  produce effective performances in different
  activities and contexts.

17
Coopers run test

• A test of cardiovascular fitness.

18
Coordination

• The ability to use two or more body parts
  together.

19
Cross training

• Using more than one training method.

20
Diuretics

• Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine
  excretion.

21
Ectomorph

• A somatotype, individuals with narrow shoulder
  and narrow hips, characterised by thinness.

22
Endomorph

• A somatotype, individuals with wide hips and
  narrow shoulders, characterised by fatness.

23
Erythropoietin (EPO)

• A type of peptide hormone that increases the red
  blood cell count.

24
Exercise

• A form of physical activity done to maintain or
  improve health and/or physical fitness.

25
Fartlek training

• This type of training allows an athlete to run at
  varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on
  different terrain.
• (fartlek is the Swedish for speed play).

26
Fitness

• The ability to meet the demands of the
  environment.

27
FITT

• Frequency, intensity, time and type (used to
  increase the amount of work the body does, in
  order to achieve overload).

28
Flexibility

• The range of movement possible at a joint.

29
Health

• A state of complete mental, physical and social
  wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease
  and infirmity.

30
Health-related exercises

• Exercise which is undertaken primarily to improve
  health and fitness for life.

31
Healthy, active lifestyle

• A lifestyle that contributes positively to
  physical, mental and social wellbeing, and that
  includes regular physical activity.

32
Heart rate

• The number of times the heart beats each minute.

33
Hypokinetic disease

• A disease related to too little activity. (hypo
  means under or too little kinetic means energy
  or activity).

34
Hypertrophy

• Scientific term for an increase in the size of
  muscle.

35
Individual differences/needs

• Matching training to the requirements of an
  individual.

36
Isometric contractions

• Muscle contraction which results in increased
  tension but the length does not alter, for
  example, when pressing against a stationary
  object.

37
Isotonic contraction

• Muscle contraction that results in limb movement.

38
Joint

• A place where two or more bones meet.

39
ligaments

• A tissue that joins bone to bone.

40
Mesomorph

• A somatotype, individuals with wide shoulders and
  narrow hips, characterised by muscularity.

41
Methods of training

• Interval training, continuous training, circuit
  training, weight training, fartlek training,
  cross training.

42
Muscular Endurance

• The ability to use voluntary muscles many times
  without getting tired.

43
Muscle groups

• Muscles may be arranged in groups according
  location and/or function e.g. the muscle of the
  leg.

44
Muscular strength

• The amount of force a muscle can exert against a
  resistance.

45
Narcotic analgesics

• Drugs that can be used to reduce the feeling of
  pain.

46
Obese

• A term used to describe people who are very over
  weight.

47
Optimum weight

• Best weight or desirable weight the best weight
  a player performs at.

48
Over fat

• A way of saying you have more body fat than you
  should have.

49
Overload

• Fitness can only be improved through training
  more than you normally do.

50
Overweight

• Having weight in excess of normal (not harmful
  unless accompanied by over fatness).

51
Oxygen debt

• The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery
  above that which would have ordinarily been
  consumed in the same time at rest (this results
  in a shortfall in the oxygen available).

52
PAR-Q

• Physical activity readiness questionnaire.

53
PEP

• Personal exercise programme.

54
Peptide hormones

• Drugs that cause the production of other hormones.

55
Performance

• How well a task is completed.

56
PESSCL

• PE and school sport club links.

57
Physical activity

• Any form of exercise or movement physical
  activity may be planned and structured or
  unplanned and unstructured (in PE we are
  concerned with planned and structured physical
  activity, such as a fitness class).

58
Power

• The ability to do strength performances quickly
  (power strength x speed).

59
Progressive overload

• To gradually increase the amount of overload so
  that fitness gains occur, but without potential
  for injury.

60
Reaction time

• The time between the presentation of a stimulus
  and the onset of a movement.

61
Recovery

• The time required for the repair of damage to the
  body caused by training or competition.

62
Rehabilitation

• Restoring (an injury) to its normal functioning
  state.

63
Rest

• The period of time allotted to recovery.

64
Resistance training

• Training that uses a resistance or force against
  which specific muscle groups must work e.g.
  weight training.

65
Reversibility

• Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence
  of training will be reversed when you stop
  training.

66
RICE

• Rest, ice, compression, elevation (a method of
  treating injuries).

67
Role Models

• A person you can aspire to, to make you into a
  better person. Often have qualities that we would
  like to have.

68
Self-esteem

• Respect for, or a favourable opinion of, oneself.

69
Skill-related fitness

• Exercise which may be undertaken primarily to
  improve sporting ability.

70
SMART

• Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic,
  time-bound.

71
Socio-economic status

• May be based on a persons income, education, and
  occupation.

72
Somatotypes

• Classification of body type.

73
Specificity

• Matching training to the requirements of an
  activity.

74
Speed

• The differential rate at which an individual is
  able to perform a movement or cover a distance in
  a period of time.

75
Stimulants

• Drugs that have an effect on the central nervous
  system, such as increased mental and/or physical
  alertness.

76
Stroke volume

• The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by
  each ventricle during one contraction.

77
Target zone

• The range within which an individual needs to
  work for aerobic training to take place (60-80
  per cent of maximum heart rate).

78
Tendons

• A tissue that joins muscles to bone.

79
Training

• A well-planned programme which uses scientific
  principles to improve performance, skill, game
  ability and motor and physical fitness.

80
Training thresholds

• The boundaries of the target zone.

81
Underweight

• Weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.