The Beginning of History: Three Visions of Welfare

1
The Beginning of HistoryThree Visions of
Welfare The Importance of Social Capital

• Professor Steven M Shardlow PhD
• The University of Salford
• United Kingdom

2
My Argument
Picasso Poverty
3
Triumph of Liberal Democracy?

• What we may be witnessing is not just the end of
  the, Cold War or the passing of a particular
  period of post-war history, but the end of
  history as such that is, the end point of
  mankind's ideological evolution and the
  universalization of Western liberal democracy as
  the final form of human government.

4
Big Welfare Questions?
5
Over the Event Horizon
6
The Beginning of Welfare History
7

• Residual Welfare

8
1 Welfare as Residual, Conditional Assistance

1. Means tested (poorest only qualify)
2. Highly stigmatised
3. Benefit given in kind (e.g. food stamps)
4. Time limited support
5. Personalised insurance systems
6. Not comprehensive (US medical system)
7. Provision through market

Dorothea Lange Migrant Mother (California)
9
Action on Poverty
Mary Bradford
10
Families on Welfare
State Aug. 1996 families Dec. 2005 families Pct. change
U.S. total 4,408,508 1,870,039 -57.6
Source Department of Health and Human Services
(US)
11

• Welfare as Care

12
2 Welfare as Social Care and Social Assistance
(Welfare State?)
L S Lowry The Cripples
13
Norway

• Policyis based on the political and moral belief
  that every citizen has the right to enjoy
  equality of opportunity. The goals of Norwegian
  social policy are to achieve equality in as many
  aspects of life as possible, to redistribute the
  wealth so that no one suffers from lack of
  material goods, and to provide security and
  employment for all. my italics
• (Tutvedt and Young, 1991, p 2)

14

• Welfare as Social Capital Accumulation

15
Social Capital

• ...refers to the institutions, relationships, and
  norms that shape the quality and quantity of a
  society's social interactions... Social capital
  is not just the sum of the institutions which
  underpin a society it is the glue that holds
  them together (The World Bank 1999)

16
Social Entrepreneurship

• Social Entrepreneurs

• ...people with the mission to create and sustain
  social value. These social change agents are not
  limited by resources currently at hand but pursue
  new opportunities to serve people, take
  calculated risks and engage in a process of
  continuous social innovation, adaptation and
  learning. Ultimately, social entrepreneurs have a
  sense of accountability to the constituencies
  served and for the outcomes.
• TAN, N.-T. (2004). Social entrepreneurship
  challenge for social work in a challenging world.
  Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and
  Development14(2), 87-98.

17
Social Enterprise

• There is no commonly agreed definition of Social
  Enterprise in Hong Kong
• Yet, there are some essential characteristics
• It is serving social goals by using an enterprise
  strategies
• It is both a from Welfare to Work and a Social
  Investment Approach
• It is providing assistance to the marginal groups
  in the community, by encouraging self-reliance
• Sustainability is important
• Chan Kam Tong (Hong Kong PolyU)

Social Enterprise Foundation
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
Individual Initiatives and Collaborative
Responsibilities
22
My Argument
Picasso Poverty
23
The Beginning of HistoryThree Visions of
Welfare The Importance of Social Capital

• Professor Steven M Shardlow PhD
• The University of Salford
• United Kingdom