Bio 101

1

• Bio 101
• Laboratories 11 12
• Muscle HistologyGross Human Skeletal MuscleCat
  Muscle Dissection

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What you should do in labs 11 12

• Lab 11
• Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
• Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
• Lab 12
• Cat muscle dissection
• Review muscle histology
• Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy

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Histology of Muscle Tissue

• Three types of muscle tissue you will need to
  view under the microscope
• Skeletal
• Cardiac w/intercalated disc
• Smooth ( histological preparation)

See Activity 3 4, Exercise 6 in Mariebs Lab
Manual Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete
item 19 (table), Review Sheet 6 (in Exercise 6).
This will give you a good comparison table to
study for the lab exam (you dont have to hand
this in)
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Skeletal Muscle

• Major characteristics
• Contractile
• Voluntary
• Striated
• Multinucleated
• Unbranched
• Major Functions
• Voluntary movement
• Heat generation

5
Skeletal Muscle
Notice that this tissue is Striated,
multinucleated, non-branched
6
Cardiac Muscle

• Major characteristics
• Contractile
• Involuntary
• Striated
• Single nucleus
• Branched
• Intercalated discs
• Major Function
• Pump blood

7
Cardiac Muscle
Notice that this tissue is Striated,
mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated
disks
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Smooth Muscle

• Major characteristics
• Contractile
• Involuntary
• NOT Striated
• Single, centrally located nucleus
• Unbranched
• Major Function
• Controls size/shape of organs
• Constricts blood vessels

9
Smooth Muscle
Cytology
Notice that this tissue is Not striated,
mononucleated, and non-branched
Histology
10
Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy

• Use Figures 13.2 3and 13.3 in Mariebs Exercise
  13 for an overview.
• Look at your Study Guide for a list of the
  muscles for which youll be responsible on the
  lab exam
• Also refer to the Human Muscle Table in your
  Laboratory Guide for the muscles youll have to
  be able to identify for the lab exam.
• Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, in
  Mariebs Laboratory Manual to view the
  superficial anatomy of the human skeletal
  muscles. (Especially important for clinical
  practice)

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Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy

• Muscular system
• All skeletal muscles that can be controlled
  voluntarily
• Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans
• Shape or appearance give clues to function
• Locomotion and posture work across joints
• Origin point of muscle attachment that moves
  least
• Insertion point of muscle attachment that moves
  most
• Support soft tissue sheets between bony tissue
• Guard body entrances/exits encircle opening

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How Skeletal Muscles Are Named

• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
• Direction
• Orientation relative to body midline
• Rectus, transverse, oblique
• Size
• Relative size of muscle
• Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus,
  vastus
• Shape
• Relative shape of muscle
• Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid

13
How Skeletal Muscles Are Named

• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
• Action
• Principle action
• Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator
• Number of origins
• Number of tendons of origin
• Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)
• Location
• Temporalis, femoris
• Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in
  name)
• Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid

14
Muscles of the Head





Notice how the origins and insertions work
http//www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu
/menu.html Also see the PAL in Mastering AP for
skeletal muscle
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Muscles of the Upper Body







16
Muscles of the Upper Body





17
Muscles of the upper limb










18
Muscles of the Anterior Forearm





19
Muscles of the Posterior Forearm
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Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula














Figures from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Muscles that Move the Foot


22
Muscles that Move the Foot





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Cat Dissection

• Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 of
  Mariebs Laboratory Manual.
• Use the Cat Dissection Guideline handout
  distributed today using the scalpel, blunt probe
  and gloved fingers
• Refer to your Laboratory Guide handout for a list
  of the cat muscles youll need to identify for
  the lab exam.
• Note
• Some muscles are superficial and some are deep
• Its best to do superficial dissection on one
  side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other
• Do NOT under any circumstances cut through the
  thoracic or abdominal walls!
• When cutting muscles (if you do), always cut them
  across their long axis

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Pectoantebrachialis


Pectoralis minor
Tibialis anterior


External oblique

Gracilis

Xiphihumeralis
Sartorius


Pectoralis major
Gastrocnemius
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Levator scapulae ventralis
External oblique


Clavotrapezius
Semitendinosus

Gastrocnemius

Spinotrapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Sartorius


Gluteal muscles
Biceps femoris

Clavodeltoid
Spinodeltoid


Tensor fasciae latae
Acromiotrapezius
Lumbodorsal fascia
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius
Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid
Deltoid
26
Digastric muscles
Mylohyoid

Sternohyoid
Sternomastoid

Clavotrapezius
ID neck muscles by photograph only
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Pectoantebrachialis


Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis

Pectoralis major
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Pectoralis major


Pectoantebrachialis
Pectoralis minor

Xiphihumeralis
External oblique


Rectus abdominis
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Pectoantebrachialis
Latissimus dorsi

Xiphihumeralis
30

External oblique (cut and reflected)
Rectus abdominis


Transversus abdominis

Internal oblique
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Pectoantebrachialis

Pectoralis major
Serratus ventralis

(anterior)
Rectus abdominis

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Lumbodorsal fascia
Latissimus dorsi

Acromiotrapezius

Clavotrapezius

Spinotrapezius

Clavodeltoid

Levator scapulae ventralis
Spinodeltoid

Acromiodeltoid

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Acromiotrapezius

Clavotrapezius
Spinotrapezius


Latissimus dorsi

Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius Trapezius
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Clavotrapezius

Clavodeltoid

Levator scapulae ventralis
Acromiodeltoid


Spinodeltoid
Acromiotrapezius

Spinotrapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid Deltoid
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Brachioradialis

Biceps brachii
Pronator teres

Triceps brachii (medial head)

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Flexor carpi radialis
Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator teres

Biceps brachii


Triceps brachii
Epitrochlearis
37

Biceps brachii

Brachioradialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres

Epitrochlearis

Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum lateralis

Brachioradialis
Extensor digitorum communis

Triceps brachii (lateral head)
Extensor carpi radialis longus

Triceps brachii (long head)

Clavodeltoid

Spinodeltoid

Acromiodeltoid

Clavotrapezius
39

Brachioradialis
Clavodeltoid


Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads)
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Sartorius


Gracilis
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Adductor longus
Adductor femoris

Semimembranosus

Pectineus
Tensor fasciae latae

Rectus femoris

Vastus medialis


Vastus lateralis
Fascia lata
42
Rectus femoris

Pectineus

Adductor longus
Vastus lateralis


Adductor femoris
Vastus medialis


Semimembranosus

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Tibialis anterior


Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
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Flexor digitorum longus

Gastrocnemius

Tibialis anterior

45

Tensor fasciae latae
Biceps femoris

Gluteus medius


Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Gluteus maximus
Caudofemoralis
46
Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Caudofemoralis
Biceps femoris


Gastrocnemius
Semitendinosus

47
Extensor digitorum longus

Gastrocnemius
Soleus

Fibularis muscles

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Remaining Labs for Semester

• Lab 13 Nervous System
• Human Brain, Spinal Cord Marieb Exercise 17,19
• Sheep brain - Marieb Exercise 17
• Lab 14
• Eye Anatomy Marieb Exercise 23
• Ear Anatomy Marieb Exercise 25
• (We will not be doing any physiology on special
  senses in lab)
• Lab Exam 3 - Fri Lab Friday, 12/5 _at_ 830 am
• - Monday Lab Monday 12/8 _at_ 830 am