Diabetes Mellitus Lora Stowitzky

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Diabetes MellitusLora Stowitzky
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Statistics

• Affects 23.6 million people in the U.S.
• - Diagnosed 17.9 million people
• - Undiagnosed 5.7 million people
• 7th leading cause of death in the U.S
• (2006)

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What is Diabetes?

• A chronic disease in which the body can not
  properly use or make insulin.
• Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that
  turns sugar (glucose) into energy for the body to
  use

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What happens without insulin?

• Lack of insulin
• ?
• Build up of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia)
• ?
• Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

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Symptoms

• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst
• Extreme hunger
• - Cells are starved for energy
• Unexplained weight loss
• - Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat
• Fatigue
• Delayed wound healing

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Type I Diabetes Mellitus

• Juvenile diabetes
• Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
• Autoimmune disorder
• The body destroys the cells that make the insulin
• Thus, the body can no longer produce insulin

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Type I Diabetes Mellitus

• Usually diagnosed in children young adults (
  lt30 years old)
• 5-10 of diabetics

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Type I Diabetes Mellitus

• RISK factors
• - Genetics
• - Autoimmune history
• Type I is not preventable

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Type I Treatment

• Glucose monitoring often
• Insulin injections
• Exercise
• Diet
• Follow up with doctor
• Educate yourself!

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Type II Diabetes Mellitus

• Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
• Body makes insulin but most cells do not use
  insulin properly
• Insulin resistance
• Slowly, the pancreas stops making insulin.

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Type II Diabetes Mellitus

• 90-95 of diabetics
• RISK factors
• - Older age
• - Family history
• - Obesity
• - Physical Inactivity
• - Race and Ethnicity

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Type II Risk Factors

• Obesity Inactivity
• - Studies find a relationship between
• weight/activity level and Type II
• - Seeing an increase in Type II
• diabetes in children

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Type II Diabetes Mellitus

• Race Ethnicity
• - African Americans
• - Hispanic/Latino Americans
• - American Indians
• - Asian Americans
• - Pacific Islanders

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Type II Prevention

• If you have risk factors, prevent or delay the
  onset of Type II by
• - Healthy diet
• - Moderately intense exercise
• (walking 2 1/2 hours each week)

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Type II Treatment

• Goal Control blood sugar (glucose)
• - Glucose monitoring often
• - Oral medicine / Insulin injections
• - Diet
• - Exercise / Weight management
• - Follow up with doctor
• - Educate yourself!

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Diet - Carb Counting

• Carbohydrates raise blood glucose levels
• Count your carbs for each meal
• Limit depends on your activity level and
  medications
• Talk to your doctor about determining carbs per
  meal

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Diet - Create your plate

• Divide plate into 3 sections
• - Large section - non-starch veggies
• (spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)
• - Small section - starch
• (potatoes, whole grain breads)
• - Small section - meat
• (turkey, tuna, lean pork)

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Diet - Individualized

• No one diet is appropriate for every diabetic
  person
• Work with your doctor to come up with a diet that
  is right for your situation

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Complications of Diabetes

• Heart disease
• Blindness
• Kidney damage
• Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage
• Prevent complications by managing your glucose
  level, diet, and activity!

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Diabetes Awareness

• November is American Diabetes Month
• November 14 is World Diabetes Day
• For more information
• www.cdc.gov
• www.diabetes.org
• www.ndep.nih.gov

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Websites

• http//www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/index.htm
• http//www.emedicinehealth.com/diabetes/article_em
  .htmDiabetes20Overview
• http//www.diabetes.org/