???? ??????? D3

1
?????????????

• ???? ??????? D3
• ??????? DC1
• ?? ?

????? ????(???RESCEU?IPMU) ?????????(????) ????(?
??)????(??)
2
????????

• Globally power-law spectrum
• Knee
• SNRs for energetics
• Ankle(dip)
• GCR/EGCR transition ?
• Pair-creation dip ?
• Extragalactic Cosmic-rays
• Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs)
• Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs)
• Magneters, colliding galaxies
• Second Knee
• Hypernovae (Gal/EG) ?
• GCR/EGCR transition ?
• GZK steepening
• Composition
• Maximum acceleration energy

?E-2.7
Knee
2nd Knee
Ankle
3
??????
??????

• ??????
• ??????????
• ????
• ???????
• ????
• ????????

??????
???

• ?????
• ??
• ????

• ???
• ?????????????
• X,g????????
• ????
• ??????????

4
????????????????
AGASA(1999)
Auger(2007)
HiRes(2008)
Abraham et al. 2007
Abbasi et al. 2008
Takeda et al. 1999

• Ground-based detector
• Exposure1300km2 yr sr
• Akeno (Japan)
• Ang.resolution2o
• Ene.resolution30
• Egt40EeV, 57events

• Hybrid detector (SD)
• Exposure9000km2 yr sr
• (Argentina)
• Ang.resolution1o
• Ene.resolution30
• Egt57EeV, 27events

• Fluorescence (stereo)
• Exposurelt850km2 yr sr
• Utah (USA)
• Ang.resolution0.8o
• Ene.resolution30
• Egt56EeV, 13events

• Small-scale anisotropy
• Super-GZK events

• Positional correlation with local AGNs
• No super-GZK events

• No anisotropy
• No correlation
• No super-GZK events

5
???????
Muon Content
Xmax measurement
Heavy-component dominant ???
Engel et al. 2007
Glushkov et al. 2007
Unger et al. 2007
6
GZK Mechanism
???????????????????????????
e
CMB g
m
nm
Egt6x1019eV
p
ne
nm
p
e
n
p
GZK horizon 50Mpc

• Cf.)
• 1pc3.08x1016m
• 10kpc??????
• 1Mpc???????

4Mpc
Berezinsky 2007
HT et al. 2008
7
??????????
???????????
Virgo
Centaurus
Perseus
Pavo,A3627
IRAS PSCz catalog Saunders et al. 2000
???????????????????????????
8
????? (simulation)
(Sigl et al. 2004)
(Dolag et al. 2005)
(Das et al. 2007)

• HD simulation (not MHD)
• Not real structures
• q20o even at Ep1020eV
• ltBgtfilament10-7G
• f(gt10nG)0.1

• HD simulation (not MHD)
• Not real structures
• qlt10o at Ep1020eV
• ltBgtfilament10-8G
• f(gt10nG)0.01

• SPH simulation with MF
• Constrained simulation
• q1o at Ep1020eV
• ltBgtfilament10-10G
• f(gt10nG)10-4

9
????????????
0 2 4
4x1019eV????100Mpc???????????
10
??100(Egt1019eV)???????
11
??100(Egt1019.8eV)???????
3o
HT Sato 2008
500????????????????????????????
12
????????????
??????????????????
0.0mG
0.1mG
0.4mG
1.0mG

• ?????????????
• B0.0,0.1mG ? 10-5Mpc-3
• B0.4,1.0mG ? 10-6Mpc-3
• ????????
• 500events for Egt1019.6eV ?????????

????
HT Sato 2007
13
?????
????????????????????
Ep1019.8eV
HT Sato 2008
14
?????????????
????????????
Allard et al. 2006

• Spectral steepening ???????
• GZK??????
• ????????

15
Ankle ???
Ankle ??????????
Second knee?
Proton-dip scenario
Pair-creation dip
extragalactic proton (E-2.7)
Galactic (heavy?)
extragalactic (E-2.0)
ankle-transition scenario
16
??????????
??100, dip
Mixed, ankle
Allard et al. 2006
??100, ankle
????????????
Ankle ?????
?????????????
HT et al. 2008
17
????
GZK??????????????
Mixed, ankle
??100, ankle
??100, dip
??100, dip
HT et al. 2008
Allard et al. 2006
???????GCR/EGCR????????????????
18
???

• ???????????
• ????????????????(?????????)
• Egt1019eV????????????????????
• PAO?HiRes????????(?)
• ?????????????????
• ??
• ???????????????????????????????
• ???????????
• ?????????????????????????????

19
???

• ???????????????????????????????
• GZK????????????????????????100Mpc????????????????
  ??
• ????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ? Charged particle astronomy
• ??????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????